CA RLSRUHE, or CARLSROUIIE (signifying peace or repose of Charles), is a town in Germany. It is si tuated in the circle of Suabia, and marquisate (now elec torate) of Baden, was founded in 1715 by the Margrave William, and is now the residence of his suc cessors, who have hero a fine palace and delightful gar dens. The plan on which the town is built is very regu lar ; and it is also very singular, being in the form of a fan. There is a single street, about an English mile in length, running in a direction parallel to the front of the palace, and at a considerable distance from it. From this, all the other streets, amounting to thirty-two, go off at right angles, and are so arranged as to have their view terminating, at'one end, in the front of the palace, while the other penetrates the forest by which the town is surrounded; and the houses are constructed with as much regard to uniformity as the streets, being all of equal size and height. The coup d'cril from the top of the palace is said to be extremely beautiful and magnifi cent. Of churches, there are four ; two for Protestants, and two for Roman Catholics. There is also a Jewish synagogue. The literary establishments of Carlsruhe are chiefly these ;—the Gymnasium Illustre ; seminaries for educating village curates and schoolmasters ; an institu tion for the deaf and dumb; and a type-foundry. There are here some collections of natural and artificial curio sities, which deserve notice. They consist of the libra ry belonging to the Margrave ; his physical cabinet ; his cabinets of medals, of models, and of natural history ; in which last, the collection of tulips is uncommonly fine. Besides these, there is a botanical garden ; Gine lin's cabinet of natural history; Boeckmann's physical cabinet ; and Becker's collection of prints. There is a charming promenade in the garden behind the palace, where there is a green-house that is reckoned the larg est and finest in Germany. 'Many attempts have been
made by the Margrave to introduce manufactures and industry into Carlsruhe, and he has had considerable success. IIe has induced several watchmakers from Geneva to settle in it, by granting them peculiar privi leges ; and many of the inhabitants, instructed by Eng lish mechanics who reside there, are engaged in steel manufactures, similar to those which are carried on in Birmingham and Sheffield. Meyer's work for grind ing and polishing is deemed remarkably curious. The population is estimated at 10,000. See Reichard's Guide des Voyageurs en Europe, torn. ii. p. 57.; Stol berg's Travels ; and fife iiber Carlsruhe von Brunn.
• a town in Sweden, lying in the pro vince of \Voermeland, West-Gothland. It is situated on an extensive island, called Tingwalla, which is 12 miles in circumference, and is formed by the river Cla ra, dividing into branches, and afterwards uniting and falling into the Wenner Lake. It was built by Charles IX. in the year 1584. All the houses, excepting the cathedral and the school, are constructed of painted wood. The streets are broad and straight ; there is a number of spacious buildings ; and, open the whole, it is a pret ty place, having the agreeable features of cleanliness and cheerfulness to recommend it to the stranger's eye. It is the sec of a Bishop, who has here an episcopal pa lace; has the 38th vote in the order of the diet; and, ac cording to Diurberg, contains 1800 inhabitants. There is a mineral spring in its neighbourhood. It has manu factories of linen and woollen ; imports sugar, tea, and spices; and trades in iron and wood across the \Verier. East Long. 13° 18', North Lat. 51° 21'. See Coxe's Tra vels in the North of Europe, vol. iv. ; and Kiittne•'s Travels through Denmark, Sweden, 17'e. in 1798 and 1799. (7)