CASIIAN, or C.tett.ts, a lOWil ul in the province of Irak-aj urn, sittratA in the plain of Cashan, which is bound, d wan the distant range of mountains, of v. Ltdh pcm.t,t iitt formed the otust spictiotts and the highest point. This mountain is dis tinctly seen at the distance of 150 miles, and the Per sians maintain that it can be seen at Ispailan from t ,e minaret of Mesjid Shah, which is 240 unites distant. It is of a conical shape, and rises abruptly from a long aid n range. 'Phis town, which tt as by the stile of the Caliph I laroun-el-Ras( hid, is fully a It agile long from east to West, and more titan half a league from north to south. The houses are built of earth and brick. Tla principal public buildings in Cashan are the bazars and baths, toe Foy:A inn, the royal palace, at.d another palace for antbassatiors, and about forty nuriques and three grad(' sepuk heal monuments in honour of three dcset slants of Ain Al. Olivier, wro latc Iy \ 154.11 this city, la marks, t en it is the largest, the finest, tee richest, am the most populous gnat he salt in Persia. It had almost entirely t scaped the disavers of the civil wars ; and thourr nearly a fifth part of the houses were des tn.)) cu, y et the mosques, the caravans( ras, tie bazars, and the ro),.I palaces, inch were sinol-day beautiful,) welt, all in a !pod condition. Cashan was once famous for its potteries, aid has various manufactories of silk and e011oll and all sorts of copper utensiis. The inhahtta,as work a great deal in gold, silver, and steel. Sabres and poignards are also made to a consinerable extent. The surrounding country produces abundance of rice, cotton, tobacco, wheat, barley, and fruits of all kinds. They cultivate also the ricinus, from "inch they extract their oil for burning. The vine is common, and raisins and dried apricots form a considerable article of commerce. The popula tion of Casino] under the Sophis. was 55,000, but at
present it does not exceed 30,000. Chardin makes the number of houses 6500. East Long. 51' 21', and North Lat. 33° 59'. Sec Chardin's Travels ; Slorier's Tra vels through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor, p. 177, 231, 241 ; and Olivier's Voyage in Pcrse. Paris 1807. (o) CASIl EL, a city of Ireland, in the county of Tip perary, situated about three miles to the east of the river Suire. This town, which was formerly the re sidence of the kings of Munster, was once encircled with a wall, which is in a state of decay, but there arc still two gates of tolerable workmanship. The principal ornaments of this town are seated upon the celebrated rock of Cashel, which commands a most extensive pros pect. One of these is the old Gothic cathedral, the nave and choir of which is about 200 feet long from cast to west. The ruins of Cormac's Chapel, which stands beside the cathedral, and differs from it com pletely in its stile of architecture, arc about 50 feet long by 18. A high round tower is also situated upon the rock near the eastern angle of the north aisle. It is 54 sect in circuit, and is divided into five stories, with holes for rafters, and is built of freestone, while all the other buildings on the rock arc of limestone. A wall formerly inclosed the whole of the rock.
The principal modern edifices in Cashel, which is tolerably built, are a market-house, a house in which the sessions are held, a county hospital, barrack, and a char ter school. The church is neatly built, and the archiepis opal palace r. a simple and commodious building Cash( I I ontains about 600 houses, and therelore 3000 inhabitants. west Long. 7° .5', North 1,11. 52° :302'. See Campbell's Philosql/neal .S'urvey ; Led WI( is Antiquities; and Watmliild's .tatistical and !'critical Account of Ireland. (j)