ANAMOOKA, or ROTTERDAM ISLAND, one of the Friendly Islands in the Pacific Ocean, or Great South Sea. It was discovered by Tasman A. I). 1643, and is situated in Lat. 20' 15' South, and Long. 175° 31' West. Anamooka is 18 leagues distant from Tongataboo, or Amsterdam, and it resembles the latter island in its ap pearance, as well as in the qualities of its soil and pro ductions. Its shape is triangular, none of its sides be ing more than five miles in length ; and the coast rises abruptly from the sea to the elevation of fifteen or twenty feet. The interior part of the island, however, is level, excepting a few small hillocks, and a more considerable one towards the centre. The principal harbour is on the south west side, and here the an chorage is good, the depth of water being from ten to twelve fathoms; but it is dangerous to sail in the neigh bourhood of this island, for it is almost surrounded with reefs and sand banks, and smaller islands, many of which are neatly hidden by tin has often been by the European navigators; by Tasman, I\ ho discovered it A. D. 1643 ; by aptain Cooke iii 1774, and again in 1777; by lieutenant Bligh in the Bounty, A. D. 1789 ; and by ( Edwards vs ice in 1791. The ships in ge oral tow h at this island in or der to he supplier with wood. Thc mann. rs of the na tives do not differ in any great degree front those of tin; inhabitants in the adjacent islands. Their ideas of pro perty seem to be less exact, and the fts are more eommon ; the character of their women also is more licentious, and that of the men more daring and warlike. A dis ease resembling lepra, and which is said n, infest all the islands of the Pacific Ocean, prevails more at Ana mooka than in any other part of this gioup. Syphilis too, introduced by the English, has made un alarming progress among the inhabitants; a progress resembling that which the same awful disease made among the na tives of Europe when it first appeared in the eastern hemisphere. It may be useful likewi Se to add, that as wood is procured here by all the ships which pass through the Southern Ocean, tire juice of a tree called by the natives jaitanoo (a species of pepper) in ()duces violent inflammation when applied to the eyes and the surface of the body: an accident which frequently hap pens to the workmen employed in cutting it. Cooke's
Voyage &. 111i8sionary Voyage; Preliminary p. 56, rt seg. (h) AN A a monstrous projection, or dis torted representation of sonic object, made either on a plane or curved surface, but which viewed from a cer tain point, or after reflection from a polished surface, will appear in just proportions.
To construct upon a given plane an anamorphosis, which, viewed from a given point above the plane., shall appear similar to the original drawing. Around the picture to be distorted describe a square a g p i, (see Plate XXVI. Fig. 1.) which subdivide into a number of arcoix or smaller squares; this reticulated figure is called the craticular prototype. Let i p R (Fig. 2.) be the plane on which the anamorphosis is to be construct ed, R the point which lies directly under the eye, and a g a straight line in that plane, equal to the base of the craticular prototype, and divided into the same number of equal parts. From the point It through the points a. b, e, d, e, fg, draw the diverging straight lines R i, R 4-, R /, &c.; and through R draw R 0 parallel to a g, and equal to the height of the eye above tint: plane. Then through the points 0, a, draw straight line 0 a t, cut ting the diverging lines in the points a, y, r, s, fe, t. Through these points of intersection draw straight lines parallel to a g, and terminated both ways by the lines a i and g p, the trapezium a g/: i, and the several lesser tra peziums into which it is thus subdivided, represent the craticular prototype and its several areolx. This tra pezium is called the craticular ectype. In each areola of the craticular ectype draw those parts of the original picture which are contained in the corresponding square of the prototype, and thus an anamorphosis shall bc form ed, which to an eve situated immediately above the point R at the height 0 R will appear in exactly the same proportions, and of the same magnitude v.ith the original picture. As we increase the distance of R from a g, and diminish 0 R the height of the eye above the plane, the anamorphosis produced will be more com pletely deformed; so that when 0 R is exceedingly small, an eye looking direct at the anamorphosis not perceive in it any resemblance to the original pic ture.