By joining the right line to a quarter, instead of the whole, or half circle, the letters of the fourth class, are respectively produced—viz. If the right line be joined as a tangent to that segment or quadrant of the circle, lying below the horizontal diameter, and on the left of the perpendicular, and project to the right, horizontally, it produces the letter attached to the upper quadrant,,on the left of the perpendicular, and project horizontally to the right, the character sh is formed— if attached to the other extremity of the same quadrant, and project from the left side of the circle, perpendicularly down, it is th—if attached to that segment or quadrant, contained between the lower extremities of the two oblique diameters in the dia gram, and be extended obliquely upward to the right, on an angle of 45°, it is the character y—and if a Rulesfor making the Characters.
1st s to the right, t down, d down ward, r upward, f v downward.
2(1 k q and n from left to right, ch and g j downward.
the circle first in all cases.
41h the book or quadrant first in all cases, except ious, this always ends with the hook. For double letters make the line longer, or the circle larger.
Rules for joining Characters.
Make one letter as if no other were to be made, and then without lifting the pen, make the next as if the first had not been made, observing to turn in that way which is most simple and easy, but let the line always take the same direction from the circle.
Rules for Spelling.
1. Use no vowels in spelling, except when distinct ly sounded at the beginning and end of words. Ex ample: entity ntt, chastity chstt, obey oba, away awa, pay pa, lay la, say sa.
2. Omit all silent letters. Ex. Light lit, sight sit, night nit.
3. When two letters sound like any one, use that one in their stead. Ex. Laugh lauf, physic fysic, Utica Utk, empty mt.
4. The letter c must be supplied by k and s. Ex. Comply komply, celestial selestial, receiver receiver.
5. H may frequently be omitted as follows. Ex. Behold beold, how ow, highway Tway, heaven even, help elp.
6. Ph and gh are never written in short hand, being always sounded like f or v (when not silent), and therefore represented by these characters. Ex. Enough enuf, tough tuf, Philadelphia Filadelfia, phi losophy filosofy, Stephen Steven.
7. When double consonants occur, use only one ; but if a vowel intervene, use both. Ex. Restlessness restlesnes, commendation comendation, memory mmo ry, people pple.
8. B and w may be omitted, as follows. Ex. Num ber nurner, encumber encumer, slumber slumer, an swer anser.
9. The ch character is used only where it has its na tural sound, as in charm, church, chapter, choice. Where ch have the sound of k or sh, let these signs be used.
10. Let z be represented by s in all cases ; but to distinguish it, let the mark be made thicker than for s.
REMARKS.—Although this method of spelling may appear difficult to the beginner, he is assured, that it may be made quite familiar in a few hours, and that without injuring his common spelling. To do this, pronounce words distinctly and rapidly, re taining for short hand nothing but the most prominent sounds ; as nv, for envy ; ntt, for entity ; ldr, for el der ; flsfr, for philosopher, &c.
Rules for Writing.
1. Provide a good pencil, or fine hard pen, good ink and paper.
2. When a vowel is to be written make a small dot, and if it belong to a particular word, let it stand near that word, at the right or left.
3. Do not lift the pen in a word, except to write a prefix, termination, or vowel.
4. Make the character y, for the words you, your, year; and at the beginning of words, but never at the last end, as it is there a vowel and represented by a dot.
5. Prefixes, iS•c. At the beginning of words use r for recon, rccoin ; m for multi, rnagni; k for contra, contri, counter ; n for inter, intro, enter ; s for salis, super, circuin ; t for trans. It must be remembered, that all these signs should be made small, and placed just before the word, but not joined to it. For under, beneath, below, make a small circle. below the line of writing; for on, upon, over, and above, make it ° over the line ; for before make it in the line '; for up and down make a small dot or touch above• or below as the case requires.
6. Terminations. At the end of words a scratch through the last letter is Live; a below is i.t/ ; a dot'. above is Lion, sion, eian ; a touch' above is lions, sions, cians ; at the right it is ling, ong, wig ; if below, it is ings, ongs, ungs ; if thus' it is ily, ality, elity, ility ; a horizontal is al, ial, tial, vial; and the same touch below is less, fess, ress ; and with out lifting the pen, the following letters may be used for some of the frequent endings of words ; viz. n for ness, b for ble or bles, m for meal or ments, s for self or selves, f for full, ference, w for ward, sh for ship, and for ions, coos, uous, ins.