3. As early as 1845 a congregation in New Hampshire con nected with the Advent movement began to observe the seventh day as the Sabbath, holding that the fourth commandment was still in force. Those Adventists who adopted this view gave a different interpretation of the prophecy of Daniel that at the end of the 2,300 days the sanctuary should be cleansed. They held that it did not refer to the renewal of the earth, as Miller had contended, but to the Sabbath, as ordered by the fourth principle of the code which was placed in the ark of the covenant, a type of the heavenly sanctuary. As the com pany of Seventh-Day observers grew they established a paper to advocate their views (1849) in Middletown, Conn. In 1885 the head quarters of the denomination were removed to Battle Creek, Mich., and in 1903 to Washing ton, D. C. The Seventh-Day people believe, with most of the other branches, that the second advent of Christ is to be personal, that it is near at hand, that it is to precede the millen nium, at the end of which Christ and his fol lowers will reign on the earth and Satan and all who do his work will be destroyed. Mrs. Ellen Whit; one of the founders of the de nomination, was credited with divine revela tions as a prophetess.
The body is thoroughly organized with local, State and union conferences and a general con ference. The latter meets quadrennially, the union conferences, which embrace five or six States, meet biennially and the State and local conferences meet annually. The local churches have the congregational form of government, but the conferences are presbyterial in char acter. There are departments of missions, pub lication, medicine, education, Sabbath school and young people's work which are conducted sys tematically. The foreign mission work is quite extensive, embracing the countries of Europe, also including Iceland, China, Japan, Korea, India and Burma, five centres in Africa, Australia, Canada, Mexico and South America. The edu cational work includes 12 colleges, 23 acade mies, with numerous church and intermediate schools. A sanitarium was established at Battle Creek in 1866; now there are upward of three score institutions of this kind for the "rational treatment of and inculcation of tem perance and healthful living.
The denomination grows from year to year, reporting, in 1916, 77,724 members in the United States alone, with 2,036 churches and 558 min isters. It embraces all the States, but is strongest in the North Central group and in the Eastern.
4. Church of This is a small body akin to the Seventh-Day branch, from which it sprang, but differs from it chiefly as to the prophecies of Mrs. Ellen White, which it refused to accept. On most other points they agree with the original denomination. The Church of God publishes a paper at Stanberry, Mo., called the Bible Advocate. There are in this branch 800 members, 22 churches and 34 ministers.
5. The Life and Advent Union, organized in 1864, holds that there will be no resurrection of the wicked dead. Eternal life will be given at the second coming to those who are to re ceive it and the millennium is not in the future, but in the past, and was a period of persecution and suffering for Christians. The Herald of Life, which represents this body, is published at Springfield, Mass. No statistics have been reported since the census of 1906 when there were 509 members, 12 churches and 12 min isters.
6. Churches of God in Christ Jesus, a small body of "Age-to-Come Adventists," or ganized in 1888 in Philadelphia, Pa. They hold that the capital city of the kingdom of God, which Christ will establish at his second com ing, will be in Jerusalem, and the Israelitish nation will then be restored to the favor of God. Hence they are often called "restoration trestitutionists.)) Their organ is The Restitution, published at Plymouth, Ind. They have 2,224 members, 65 churches and 61 min isters.
Consult for the general his tory of the Adventist Movement, Welcome's 'History of the Second Advent Message' (Yarmouth, Me., 1874) ; for the Seventh-Day branch, Loughborough's (Rise and Progress of the Seventh-Day Adventists' (Battle Creek, Mich., 1892) ; for the Church of God, Dug ger's (Points of Difference between the Church of God and the Seventh-Day Adventists' (Stanberry, Mo.), and for the Age-to-Come Adventists, Weethee's 'The Coming Age' (Chicago, Ill., 1884). Also Carroll s 'Re ligious Forces of the United States' (rev. ed., 1912.