The Pennsylvania State College, called the Agricultural College of Pennsylvania, is even broader in its educational aims than the Iowa college. Almost all studies from agriculture, chemistry, physics, engineering, mining and mathematics up to philosophy, general literature and languages are taught there. In recent years this college has steadily broadened as a high grade technical, scientific and classical institu tion. Nevertheless agriculture, in all its wide fields of application, is one of the chief studies emphasized at the college. A correspondence course has in late years been organized for the purpose of instructing students on farms who cannot attend the college, but who wish to avail themselves of the researches and facts obtained at it. Forestry is one of the most useful branches of work carried on at this college; and it not only trains young men to appreciate the value of cultivating orchards and woods, but also turns out practical foresters, capable of taking charge of large forests and converting them into profitable possessions, without de stroying and denuding them of trees.
The Michigan State Agricultural College is another institution which, for more than 45 years, has endeavored to help the farmers in their struggle to wrest from the soil a fair Compensation for their labors. The original idea of this college was to perfect in their studies all graduates of the common schools who wished to possess a complete practical and theo retic knowledge of the arts and sciences which bore directly upon agricultural and kindred pur suits.. Economic zoology, meteorology, physics, veterinary science, entomology, bacteriology, chemistry, geology, and agriculture and horticul ture are a few of the studies pursued. Post graduates can pursue advanced studies in the sciences, and in the library of 38,000 volumes they can find nearly all the literature of value pertaining to their particular studies. There is a fine arboretum, a botanic garden, a grass garden and a weed-garden, where 100 or more noxious weeds are grown to show their destruc tive possibilities to the students. There are some 1,400 students at the college, and more than half of them take the full agricultural course.
The South has a good institution of this class in the Mississippi Agricultural and Me chanical College, with a faculty of some 60 members and a student membership of nearly 800. The college is under the management of a board of trustees, with the governor of the State an ex officio member. The students who attend this college are paid eight cents per hour for their work in the fields or orchards, which enables them to pay for a part of their living while studying.
The Kansas State College, with its 300 acres of land, buildings valued at $965,000 and a fac ulty of 190 professors and assistants, has become an important factor in the middle West in developing the agricultural possibilities. Agri
culture, engineering and general and household economics are taught to the students. There is a dairy, blacksmith-shop, foundry, machine shop, printing-office, and woodwork and paint ing shop connected with the college, where practical work can be followed by the students.
With agriculture as our leading industry, many of the large universities have in recent years established an agricultural course and experimental farms for work in the regular col lege course. When this subject is mentioned, one turns instinctively toward Cornell Univer sity, with its admirable agricultural and forestry departments; toward the Ohio State University, with its buildings and equipments aggregating nearly $5,000,000 and with an income of 000; or toward the University of Wisconsin or the University of California. These typical uni versities, which have given agriculture and hor ticulture a prominent place in their curriculums, send forth annually hundreds of students to teach practical farming to new communities which may still labor under the disadvantage of old methods and ideas of agricultural produc tion. The Ohio State University at Columbus has over 2,500 students and a corps of 250 pro fessors and assistants; but it aims to give a scientific and classical education to both young men and women. It is divided into six colleges, with one devoted to agriculture and domestic science and another to veterinary science. Stu dents pursuing other studies can take courses in these departments, and there are also oppor tunities for graduate studies in the science of agriculture. There is a well-stocked farm con nected with the university, a dairy department and a large laboratory for student work.
At the end of 1914 there were 69 State agri cultural colleges, some of them being conducted in connection with the State universities. Their total endowments amounted to $60,000,000; the value of their farms amounted to $24,000,000 and their buildings to $51,800,000. Toward their maintenance the Federal Government was contributing $3,592,198 (see States Relations Service in article DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE) and the States were contributing $17,997,765. The rest of their incomes, mostly from tuition fees, amounted to $13,301,000. The total num ber of students enrolled amounted to 115,054. During the four years from 1910 to the begin ning of 1915 the increases in their equipment, faculties, student bodies, etc., have amounted to 67 per cent. During the year 1915 progress was especially notable; the State legislature of Cali fornia appropriated large sums for additions to the group of agricultural buildings at the State University, Nebraska gave $100,000 for similar purposes and Cornell University completed a new Soils Building which cost $100,000.