The fifth division, the northern, might also be called northern and northeastern. We have already, by anticipation and quite unavoidably, given main facts touching the partition and trend of the Andes in the region between the equator and lat. 12° N. IIumboldt de scribed the eastern Cordillera of Colom bia—the chain which stretches toward Bo gota; the chain which lies between the Mag dalena and the Cauca, which he called the cen tral Cordillera of New Granada (Colombia); and the chain which continues the Cordillera de la Costa from the basin of Almaguer, which he designated the Western Cordillera of this northern division. This tripartition of the Andes (lat. N.) resembles that which takes pla r in the knot of the mountains of Huanuco and Pasco in lat. 11° S.; but the most western of the three chains that bound the basins of the Amazon and the Huallago is the loftiest; while that of the shore (the Western Cordillera) is the least elevated of the three chains of the Republic of Colombia. The east ern chain of the Andes of Colombia preserves its parallelism with the other two for a con siderable distance; but beyond Tunja, in lat. 5/2° N., it inclines more toward the northeast, passing somewhat abruptly from the direction N. 25° E. to that of N. 45 E. It is like a vein that changes its direction. The tripartition of the Cordilleras, and, above all, the spreading of their branches, have a vast influence upon the prosperity of the inhabitants. The diversity of the superposed table-lands and climates gives variety to the agricultural productions as well as to the character of the people.
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