In 1893 the fourth centenary of the discovery of America by Columbus was celebrated by the World's Columbian Exposition, at Chicago. It excelled all predecessors in conception, scope and grandeur. Every nationality contributed to the exhibits and many countries possessed their own buildings. The "White City," as it was called, was opened by President Cleveland 1 May and closed 30 October. It occupied about 600 acres, at Jackson Park, on the shore of Lake Michigan, including the "Midway Plaisance? Nearly every State in the Union was represented by its own edifice. The principal buildings were Machinery Hall, the Art Palace and those de voted to transportation, mining, electricity, agri culture, manufacture and liberal arts (cover ing 44 acres), government, administration, fish enes, horticulture and anthropology. The total admissions for the period named were 27, 539,521, and the receipts from this source $10,317,814. The largest attendance on any one day—Chicago day, 9 October—was 716,881. Other notable exhibitions in the United States were the California Mid-Winter Exhibition, held in San Francisco in 1894; the Cotton States and Industrial Exposition held in Atlanta, Ga., September to December 1895; the Ten nessee Centennial Exposition, held in Nashville, Tenn., 1 May to 31 Oct. 1897; the Trans
Mississippi Exposition in Omaha, Neb., 1 June to 1 Nov. 1898; the Pan-American Exposition, in Buffalo, N. Y., from 1 May to 2 Nov. 1901; the South Carolina Inter-State and West Indian Exposition, held in Charleston, from 1 Dec. 1901 to 1 June 1902, and the World's Fair at Saint Louis, Mo., in 1904, in celebration of the Louisiana Purchase, drew 19,694,855 attend ance and cost $15,000,000; the Lewis and Clark Exposition M Portland, Ore., 1 June to 15 Oct. 1905 ; the Jamestown Tercentenary Exposition, at Hampton Roads, Va., 26 April to 30 Nov. 1907; the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition at Seattle, Wash., 1 June to 30 Nov. 1909; the Panama-Pacific Exposition, to celebrate the opening of the Panama Canal, held at San Francisco, 20 Feb. to 4 Dec. 1915, drawing a total attendance of 18,871.957; the Panama California Exposition, at San Diego, Cal., 1 Jan. to 31 Dec. 1915.
The Brussels Exposition in Belgium, 23 April to 14 Nov. 1910, drew 13,000,000 people; the Turin Exposition, 30 April to 31 Oct. 1911, celebrated the 50th anniversary of Italy as a kingdom. See FAIRS AND SHOWS.