10. A man, with sword pointed heavenward. Motto: Pre Aris of Fads (" For Hearth and Home ").
11. Three members of an association marching with muskets on shoulders, clothed in various costumes, signifying the unanimity of the different peoples in the associa tion. Motto: Vis Unita Fortior (" United Force Is Strength ").
12. A musket and sword crossed. Motto: Pro Rege it Grege (" For King and People ").
13. Representation of a glory, in the centre of which is inscribed Jehovah Nissi (" The Lord Our Banner ").
14. Feudal home, at door of which a soldier stands sentinel. Motto: Cavendo Tutus (" Safety in Preparedness ").
15. David advancing toward Goliath and hurling the stone from his sling. Motto: IN Nowise &midi ("In the Name of the Lord ").
16. A lion, rampant, holding in his right paw a scimitar: in the other a sheaf of wheat. Motto: Domaine Protege Alimentunt (" Lord, Protect our Harvests ").
17. A sleeping lion. Motto: Rouse Me. If You Dare. Motto in English.
18. Hope represented by a standing woman, clothed in blue. holding in one of her bands the shield and device of an anchor. Motto: Spero per Ileum Vincere (" Through God I Hope to Conquer").
19. The Duke of Cumberland as a general. Motto: Pro Dee d Georgia Rege (" For God and King George ").
20. A soldier on horseback. Motto: Pro Libertate Patriat (" For the Liberty of the Homeland 1.
The flags were not only designed and pro duced, but were used at the drills as shown in Pennsylvania Gazette of 12 Dec. 1747, which says: "A great body of soldiers met and marched to the court-house, with drums beating and colors flying—both the gifts of the women" Historians of the past have completely overlooked these colonial flags and only after years of diligent search has the writer found and deciphered them. • In 1766 the Sons of Liberty of New York floated a flag above one of their meeting places with the words, "The King, Pitt and Liberty," but the British soldiers took offense at the white cloth, and chopped down the flagstaff and disposed of the flag. The remark that it referred too lightly or slightingly to the king caused the "Sons" to hoist another with this change, "To His Most Gracious Majesty— Wil liam Pitt — and Liberty." This, too, the British guards destroyed. Having been forbidden to hoist any but the British flag on public prop erty, the Sons purchased a piece of land 100 feet by 11 feet and on a tall pine-tree-ship-mast, and at elaborate exercises hoisted a flag upon which was the single word, "Liberty." Four years-later (1770) the Sons of Liberty of Boston hoisted upon a tall pine tree in a grove on Harvard Campus (at Washington and Essex streets) a plain red flag. This deviceless
flag later was improved by sewing upon it a Green Pine Tree (used on Massachusetts coins in 1652)— majestic symbol of American liberty. It later played an important part in the Amer ican Revolution, introductory triumph at the battle of Bunker Hill. The colonies also had a flag in 1745 at the capture of Louisbourg, Sir William Pepperell, a native of Maine, fur nished the motto. Nil Desperandum Christo Duce, meaning "Never Despair, Christ Leads." The flag of the New England colonies, used as early as 1737, had a blue field with a red cross quartering a white canton (or union) and in its first quartering it had a globe in token of the new world. Hence here was in reality the first use of red, white and blue as a flag of union in the colonies, and it is possible the com mittee which designed the Cambridge or Grand Union flag wished to retain the red, white and blue, hence with slight change approved of the tinctures. The earliest attempt to unite the New England colonies dates 1643. The New England honor flag (1686) in respect to the king was white quartered by a wide red cross; on the centre of cross, the initials J. R. (James Rex) withgold crown above.
Flags of the American Revolution Prior to Stars and Stripes (Part Prior to the adoption of the Stars and Stripes, and before the acceptance of the Boston Flag, the colonies had a multiplicity of flags of various designs con taining a great variety of devices. Not only did the respective colonies have these different flags, but (as already shown in Part I), regi ments in the same colony had special banners, and even counties had their own standards. While this phase of the evolution of our flag might be interesting and instructive it would require a large volume to portray and describe those flags which antedated our present glorious flag— commonly and affectionately called the "Stars and Stripes." It has been thought by many and even recorded by writers that this was the first instance where 13 stripes were employed in the new world as a symbolism, but close research discloses that a number of flags contained this idea before the creation of the first Continental flag. In fact, when Washington was escorted from Philadelphia to Boston to take command of the troops, the guard of honor which accom panied him was the famous Philadelphia Light Horse, which carried a flag upon which was blazoned 13 stripes, alternate blue and white.