It was 2 P.M. when Hooker, riding in advance of the Fifth corps, tame on the ground. Alter an examination of the position and conference with Couch and other general officers, he con cluded that it would be useless waste of life to make a further attempt and sent an aide to Burnside, giving his opinion. Burnside ordered him to attack. Hooker then rode to Burnside, across the river, and sought to impress upon him the hopelessness of the attempt, but Burn side reiterated the order to attack. Every avail able battery opened fire upon the Confederate position, and near sunset Humphreys led his division of the Fifth corps against Marye's Heights, Sykes' division moving on his right. Twice Humphreys led his men forward; some of them were killed within 20 yards of the stone wall; but he was repulsed with a loss of 1,000 men. Sykes, on his right, lost over 200, while Griffin's division, on the left, supporting the Ninth corps, lost over MI men. Night came with the Union army everywhere repulsed. Burnside directed preparations for a renewal of the battle on the morning of the 14th, when he proposed to lead the Ninth corps, his old command, in an assault where the 2d and 5th corps had failed, but he was dissuaded from the attempt. From the night of the 13th until the night of the 15th the two armies confronted each other, engaged in artillery-firing and angry skir mishing. On the night of the 15th the Army of the Potomac recrossed the river, after one of its most bloody and humiliating defeats. Its loss was 1,284.lcilled, 9,600 wounded, and 1,769 missing, an aggregate of 12,653. The Confed erate loss was 595 killed, 4,061 wounded, and 653 missing, an aggregate of 5,309. The loss of the Confederate troops defending Marye's Heights was less than 1,000; that of the attack ing and supporting Union troops was over 7,300. As a result of the large Federal losses both General Franklin and General Burnside were much criticized especially after the Joint Committee of Congress on the Conduct of the War had made a report unfavorable to both. General Franklin resigned, though he main tained that the fault was not his, but the result of Burnside's inadequate orders. A considerable controversy arose regarding this question, but the preponderance of evidence seems to place the blame on Burnside's shoulders. General Burnside soon after the battle of Fredericks burg was relieved by General Hooker. A number of other engagements and military operations of varying extent took place at or near Fredericksburg on April 17-19, 1862, Aug. 4-8, 1862; Nov, 9, 1862; April 29-May 4,
1863; March 5-8, 1865; by some authorities the fighting on May 3-4, 1863, is called the second battle of Fredericksburg, but it is usually known as the battle of Marye's Heights, being part of the Chancellorsville campaign (q.v.). Consult Alexander, E. P., (The Battle of Fredericks burg) (in Southern Historical Society Papers, Vol. X, pp. 382 and 445, Richmond 1882) ; Allan, W., The Army of Northern Virginia in 1862' (Boston 1892) ; Chamberlain, J. L., (The Passing of the Armies, etc) (New York 1915) ; Confederate States of America, War Depart ment, 'Reports of the Operations of the Army of Northern Virginia, 1862-63' (2 vols., Rich mond 1864) ; Conway, M. D., (Fredericksburg, First and Last' (in Magazine of American His tory, Vol. XVII, pp. 185 and 449, New York 1:•:7) ; French, S. L., 'The Army of the Po tomac from 1861-63' (New York 1906) ; Gough, J. E., 'Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville' (London 1913) ; Greene, J. L.,
W. B. Franklin and the Operations of the Left Wing at the Battle of Fredericksburg' (Hartford 1900) ; Henderson, G. F. R., 'The Campaign of Fredericksburg, November-December
(London 1891) ; Humphreys, B. G., (Recollec tions of Fredericksburg) (in
His torical Society Papers,' Vol. XIV, p. 415, Rich mond 1886) ; Johnson, R. U., and Bud, C. C., editors, 'Battles and Leaders of the Civil War> (4 vols., New York 1887-88) ; Palfrey, F. W., 'Campaigns of the Civil War: The Antietam and Fredericksburg> (New York 1893) ; Powell, W. H., 'History of the Fifth Army Corps, etc.) (New York 1896) ; Redway, G. W., 'Fredericks burg' (London 1906) ; Ropes, J. C.,
Story of the Civil War) (Part II, New York 1898) ; Stine, J. H.. 'History of the Army of the Po tomac) (Washington 1893) ; Swinton, \V., 'Campaigns of the Army of the Potomac' (New York 1866) ; United States, Conduct of the War, Joint Committee on the,
on the Battle of Fredericksburg> (37th Congress, 3d Session, Senate Reports, No. 71, Washington 1863) ; United States, War Department, (War of the Rebellion. Official Records' (Series I, Vols. XXI, XXV, LI; Series II, Vol. V; Series IV, Vol. II; Atlas, Washington 1888 1900) ; Walker, F. A., 'History of the Second Army Corps in the Army of the Potomac' (New York 1891) ; Wise, G.,