GENEVA COLLEGE, Pa., a coeducational institution in Beaver Falls, founded in 1848, under the auspices of the Reformed Presby terian Church; reported at the end of 1915-16: Professors and instructors, 17; students, 425; volumes in the library, 5,000; productive funds, grounds and buildings valued at V50, income, $28,000. GENEVA CONVENTION (1864 and 1868), international agreements for mitigating the sufferings of war. The first was initiated by the efforts of two Genevans: a physician named Dunant, who wrote a sickening descrip tion of the military hospitals at the battle of Solferino; and a public-spirited citizen named Moynier, who formed societies in various places to urge the neutralization of field ambulances, and called the attention of European govern ments to it. The majority of these sent rep resentatives to an international conference held at Geneva under the presidency of Gen. Wil liam Henry Dufour, the eminent Swiss soldier and statesman. The agreement adopted was signed 22 August; all the European states have since joined in it, and the United States, and several Latin American and Asiatic countries have acceded also. The articles are in sub stance: (1) Ambulances and military hospitals shall be inviolable while containing sick or wounded; (2) so shall their staff; (3) whether they are occupied by the enemy or not; (4) if the attendants choose to leave the hospitals, they can only take their private property, not the relief appliances, except ambulances and their contents; (5) a house with a sick or wounded soldier shall be neutral and not subject to have soldiers quartered in it, or to requisitions with specific exceptions; (6) the convalesced shall be sent back to their own country under parole for the remainder of the war; (7) hospitals and ambulances, to claim these rights, must carry a uniform flag with a red cross on a white ground as well as their national flag, and the staff must wear a like badge on their arms; (8) special ar rangements to be made by the commanders. In
1868 a second convention at Geneva adopted a supplementary convention, to extend the prin ciples of the first to naval warfare, and amplify the first. It provided on the latter point that the medical and surgical staff should receive their regular pay if they remained after occu pation by the enemy, and if they left should do so at a time fixed by the commander; that mili tary requisitions should be modified according to the expenditures of the given places in har boring the wounded, and to charities extended toward them; that the paroling home of con valesced soldiers shall not include officers, as they could make their knowledge very service able without serving in the field. The marine rules were, that hospital ships, merchant ves sels with wounded on board, and boats rescuing men in the water, shall be inviolable, on consid eration of carrying their red-cross flag and their crews wearing the red-cross arm badge, that government hospital ships shall be painted white with a green stripe, and private societies white with a red stripe; and that whenever one party in a naval war has sound reason to believe the other is abusing the convention, the first may suspend it till the other proves its honesty, and if proof is not given, may suspend it for the duration of the war. See RED Cross SocirrY; WAR.