Concerning the articles of import from the United States to Germany, the concentration on a few articles extensively produced in the man statistics show American imports to Ger many amounting to $428,000,000 against ex ports to the United States amounting to $178, 000,000. American statistics show American imports into Germany amounting to $332,000,000 against German exports to the United States amounting to $189,000,000. In the figures of the American statistics the freight costs of the German exports to the United States are al ready included in the prices of the imported goods to America, while the freight costs from the United States remain to be paid for. Ac cording to the American statistics that means when the freight costs are already paid or have to be paid by Germany there remains a balance against Germany of $143,000,000. Sup pose the German capitalist investments in the United States (about three-quarter billion dollars, mostly railroad bonds) yield a yearly income of $50,000,000, there remains a passive balance of more titan $90,000,000. That unfavorable trade balance has been developed gradually during United States has become more and snore ac centuated; in 1913, cotton, copper, wheat, lard and margarine accounted for almost two-thirds of the total imports. American imports con stituted 76 per cent of the total German im ports of cotton, per cent of copper, 40 per cent of wheat, 77 per cent of lard, and 54 per cent of mineral oils in 1913. In the same year, the more important items of products of American manufactures imported to Germany were mowers, $4,400,000; machines for the working of metals, $1,400,000; cash-registers, $1,100,000; and typewriters, $1,100,000. Con
cerning the articles of export from Germany to the United States there is not one item of considerable amount, but most are very small. Considering only those amounting to $1,000,000 or over, the textile industries leading with $21, 000,000; next come the products of the German potash mines, with $17,000,000; the leather in dustries, $17,000.000; the chemical industries, especially dyestuffs, $12,000,000. The table of the leading import goods• from Germany in 1890, 1900 and 1913, shows clearly the influence of the American tariff legislation in excluding Ger man and fostering American manufactures. Half silken goods, the dominant article of German export in 1890, has ceased to be of any importance, woolen goods, leather gloves, cot ton hosiery, porcelain, all prominent features of the exports of 1890 or 1900, have greatly de creased in importance. No corresponding ten dency of excluding American products is ob served, all the leading items of American im ports to Germany showing large and continual gains. Concerning the imports of products of the slaughter-houses from the United States to Germany, one may remember that the United States has ceased to be a meat-exporting coun try, while the decrease in exports of other. grain except wheat, is largely counterbalanced by the increase in the exports of wheat.
Bibliography.— Barmen, R., i Stellung m Welthandel und Weltverkehr> (1914) ; Harms, B., 'Deutschlands Anteil an Welthandel und (Berlin 1916) ; Helfferich, K., 'Germany's Economic Progress and National Wealth' (ib. 1915) ; Zahn, F., wirtschaftliche Ent wicklung' (ib. 1914).
H. Luerr.