ETRUSCAN VASES.
Early Italian Pottery.— In this period title authorities include wares dating from 1000 B.C. to 400 B.C., and Walters (British Museum), di vides it into the Villanova and Latium Periods and the Etruscan bucchero and Polledrara wares. The "Villanova Period" pieces are cin erary urns of the 10th century B.C. They are produced in "rough brown impost<>" or coarsely prepared clay. Simple lines and curves con stitute their decoration; they are found enclosed in bronze vases of elaborate decoration. Vil lanova (near Bologna) cemeteries disclosed the best specimens. Date of origin is still a matter of conjecture. Early "Latium Period" pottery vases are similar to the former ware in form and body and show thin polished paste. Advance in culture (about 700 a.c.) brought inhumation in place of incinerating of the de ceased and imported Greek products are found in the tombs. Improved technique is shown on some native pieces and decoration changes from coarsely incised "geometrical" to carefully exe cuted spirals, fan patterns, etc., defined in closely arranged punctures. Some red polished pieces belong to this ware which have crude designs (some painted in white) ; there are large "caldrons with high mounted stands" and triangularly pierced bases. "Etruscan buc chero" ware of the 8th century shows well developed forms made in carefully refined and manipulated ceramic clay. Decoration is in cised or engraved and moulded medallions and figure reliefs are applied. Some figures are moulded in the round and attached to the rims; some are caryatid forms acting as supports for the vases. This ware has lustrous black polished surface. Some red pieces are supposed to be an under-baked variety of the above but often show no decoration. Both the red and the black sometimes show friezes with bands of relief done by rolling a cylinder having decoration carved in intaglio. A form fre quently found is a howl with straight sides on a high support. "Polledrara" ware (so called from the place where a large hydria of this style was found) is placed in the 7th century Lc. These pieces are of reddish brown clay coated with lustrous black slip. They show elaborate painted decoration in yellowish white, blue and red.
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