GONGORA, Luis de Gfingora y Argote, gon'et-ra E ir-gEeta gOn'go-ri, Spanish lyric poet: b. Cordova, 11 July 1561; d. there, 24 May 1627. About 1614 he entered the Church and became a prebendary of the cathedral at Cordova, and eventually chaplain to Philip III. Gifingora's earlier writings — sonnets on a great variety of subjects, lyrical poems, odes, bal lads and songs for the guitar —are inspired with much true poetic feeling. His later works, consisting for the most part of longer poems, such as (or Solitary Musings), 'Poll femo,' 'Pyramo y Thisbe,' are executed in an entirely different and novel style, charac terized especially in respect of diction, by some of the same distinctive features as are found in Euphuism in England and Chiabrerism in Italy. This later style of Gongora, which his follow ers and imitators designated the stilo culto, is florid, pedantic, full of Latin inversions and mythological allusions, pompous and mannered, and in many places very obscure. He became the founder of a school, the Gongoristas or Cul turanos, who were, if possible, more absurdly euphuistic than their master. His works were
never published during his lifetime. The first edition was printed by his friend, Vicuña, in 1627. Consult Churton, (C715ngore (1862). . GONIATITES, go"ni-a-trtez, a genus of ammonites (q.v.), including the earliest forms characterized by the structure of the septa, which are lobed, but without lateral denticula tions, as in the higher ammonites; they conse quently exhibit, in a section, a continuous un dulating line. Some forms with slightly waved septa approach very near to the Nautilus. The siphonal portion is shorter than the sides, form ing a sinus at the back, as in the Nautilus. The last chamber, the one tenanted by the animal, occupies a whole whorl, and has besides a con siderable lateral expansion. The shells are small, seldom exceeding six inches in diameter. This genus is confined to the Palaeozoic strata, especially the Upper Devonian and Lower Car boniferous.