GOSCHEN, ashen, George Joachim, Viscourir, English statesman : b. London, 10 Aug. 1831; d. Hawkhurst, Kent, 7 Feb. 1907. He was educated at Oxford, became a director of the Bank of England at the age of 27 and entered Parliament as a Liberal for the city of London in 1863, which he represented until 1880. His business ability, great debating powers and knowledge of foreign affairs, quickly gained him the respect of the House of Commons and he became vice-president of the Board of Trade in 1865, Chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster in 1866 and First Lord of the Admiralty 1871-74. With M. Joubert he went to Egypt in 1876 on behalf of the bond holders to reorganize the finances of that coun try and two years afterward represented Great Britain at the International Monetary Confer ence held in Paris. He was Ambassador extraordinary at Constantinople 1880-81. He declined a place in Mr. Gladstone's Cabinet in 1880 as he was opposed to further extension of the franchise and represented Ripon in that Parliament. In 1885 he was returned for East Edinburgh and on the conversion of Mr. Glad stone to Home Rule became one of his most strenuous opponents and is described by Glad stone as ((in the main supplying brains, soul and movement to the dissentient Liberals.' At the
election of 1886, fought on Home Rule, he lost his seat in Edinburgh. When Lord Randolph Churchill resigned precipitately from the Chancellorship of the Exchequer in 1886, he °forgot Goschen" as a possible successor, to which he was immediately appointed. After an electoral defeat at Liverpool he was returned for the city of London, a constituency which he continued to represent until his elevation to the peerage in 1900. His chancellorship gave scope for his great abilities in finance and is remembered for his successful "conversion" of the national debt. From 1895-1900 he was First Lord of the Admiralty. In his later years he combated with all his old vigor and incisive ness Chamberlain's scheme of tariff reform and was a tower of strength to the free trade Unionists. He was the author of a standard work on "The Theory of Foreign Exchanges' (1864); of the (Life and Times' of his grand father, George Joachim Goschen, a famous Leipzig banker • and of (Essays and Addresses on (1905). His by A. R. D. lliot, was published in two vol umes in 1911. His youngest brother, Sir Wil liam Edward Goschen (q.v.) was British Am bassador at Berlin, 1908-14.