GRIZZLY, Adolphus Washington, Ameri can Arctic explorer: b. Newbnryport, Mass., 27 March 1844. After receiving a high school edu cation he enlisted as a private in the 19th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, serving in the Civil War from 1861 to 1865. He entered the regular army in 1867 as second lieutenant and was appointed to the signal service. In 1:•:1 he was put in command of an Arctic ex pedition, organized to carry out the plan of establishing circumpolar stations in accordance with the recommendations of the International Geographical Congress held at Hamburg in 1879. The exploring party made their head quarters for two years at Discovery Harbor, Grinnell Land. In an expedition made by a de tailed party, the highest point north attained up to that date, 83° 24', was reached. Grinnell Land was crossed to the western polar ocean, and other discoveries made. The relief expedi tions of 1882 and 1883 failing to reach him he retreated by boat to Cape Sabine with great difficulty, and during the winter of 1883 lost, through cold and famine, all but seven of his party of 25. Meanwhile Com. Winfield S, Schley had been despatched on a relief expedi tion, and in June 18S4 rescued them at Cape Sabine. From his services to geographical science Lieutenant Greely was awarded the Founder's Medal of the Royal Geographical So ciety, and the Roquette Medal by the Societe de Geographic of Paris. He was promoted cap
tain in the United States army, in 1887 became chief signal officer, with the rank of brigadier general, the first enlisted man and volunteer to reach that grade in the regular army. Under his command the systems, line, cable and wireless, of Porto Rico, Cuba, the Philip pine Islands and Alaska were developed and extended. 112 1906 he was promoted major general, when he ended the Ute campaign with out bloodshed, and the same year conducted the relief of 400,000 earthquake sufferers in San Francisco without the occurrence of a single death. He retired 27 March 1908. He is one of the three American members of the Inter national Colonial Institute. He has many times represented the United States abroad, the last time as military ambassador at the corona tion of George V. Consult Greely, 'Three Years of Arctic Service) (1886); report of the Lady Franklin Bay Expedition (1892) •and many other publications; Schley, 'The Rescue of Greely' (1885).