GUICHARD, Karl Gottlieb, or QUINTUS 'emus, German military officer and h;storian: b. Magdeburg, 1724; d. Potsdam, 1775. He received training for the Church, but abandoned it for the more congenial pursuit of historical study. He finally enlisted in the service of the Dutch army and fought there for a year. In 1757 he published his first work on ancient history of military affairs under the title 'Memoires militaires sur les Grecs et les Romains.> On his return to his native coun try, he fought in the army of Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick, who later recommended him to Frederick the Great. The king being pleased with Guichard's talents, retained him in his serv ice. The story concerning the conferring of the official name of °Quintus upon Gui chard is told as follows: In the course of con versation, the king, referring to the battle of Pharsalus, mentioned the part taken by a cen turion named Quintus Icilius. Guichard cor rected him by producing the text Of Polybius which confirmed the fact that the name of the man in question was Quintus Ceecilius. The king then answered, °Then your name shall be Quintus Icilius.p And it was by this name that Guichard henceforth became known in the Prus sian army. He rose to the rank of major, lieu tenant-colonel and finally colonel 1773. In that year he published his iMemoires critiques et historiques sur plusieurs points d'antiquites mili taires.' Consult Carlyle, T., 'Frederick the Great' (London 1858-65).
or certain small, mainly black and yellow birds, al lied to the barbets and constituting a genus in habiting the tropical regions of the Old World, which have the curious habit of attracting the attention of men and of honey-loving quad rupeds to bees' nests, profiting by the disturb ance which follows. They are fond of bees.' grubs and honey, but cannot often get them without assistance; sometimes, also, they show equal zeal in leading a person to a snake, leopard or something else which has attracted their notice. Although the genus is known in India
and Malaya, it is in South Africa that its traits are most noticeable and the books of travelers and explorers there abound in accounts of its guiding habits. Sir John Kirk contributed the following exact descnption of the work of In dicator minor to the 'Ibis' (1864): °The honey-guide is found in forests, and often far from water, even during the dry season. On observing a man it comes flutter ing from branch to branch in the neighboring trees, calling attention. If this be responded to as the natives do by whistling and starting to their feet, the bird will go in a certain di rection and remain at a little distance, hopping from one tree to another. On being followed it goes further; and so it will guide the way to a nest of bees. When this is reached, it flies about, but no longer guides; and then some knowledge is needed to discover the nest, even when pointed out to within a few trees. I have known this bird, if the man after tak ing up the direction for little then turns away, to come back and offer to point out an other nest in a different part. But if it does not know of two nests, it will remain behind. The difficulty is, that it will point to tame bees in a bark-hive as readily as to those in the for est. This is natural, as the bee is the same; the bark-hive, 'musings' as it is named, being simply fastened up in a tree and left for the bees to come to. The object the bird has in view is clearly the young bees. It will guide to nests having no honey and seems equally de lighted if the comb containing the grub be torn out when it is seen picking at it.'