GUIZOT, givezW, Elizabeth Charlotte Pauline, French authoress: b. Paris, 1773; d. 1827. She was the first wife of Francois Guizot, and an author of considerable repute. In 1800 appeared her novel 'Les contradictions.' Shortly afterward she became literary and artis tic editor for Le Publiciste, and published her contributions to this journal in 1802 under the title 'Essaisde litterature et de When she was forced to discontinue these essays be cause of illness, Guizot kept up the work anon ymously. They were married in 1812. Her later publications include (Les enfants' (1813); (Le journal d' une mere' (1813) ; ou Raoul et Victor' (1821) • contes I l'usage de la jeunesse' i1823) ; (Education domestrque ou Lettres de amille stir l'iduca tion) (1826). She also assisted her husband in his historical research. Several volumes of her critical writings were published posthumously by Guizot. Consult Sainte-Beuve, des femmes> (Paris 1884).
• GUIZOT, Francois Pierre Guil laume, French• historian and statesman: b. Nimes, 4 Oct. 1787; d. Valricher, near Paris. 13 Sept. 1874. His father, a lawyer, having in 1794 perished by the guillotine, his mother and her three sons retired to Geneva, where Francois was gratuitously educated at the gymnasium. In 1805 he commenced the study of law at Paris, but gradually drifted into the literary profession. In 1812 he married Mlle. de Meu lin, a contrjbutor to the Publiciste, and became professor of history at the Sorbonne. On the fall of the empire he obtained several public offices, such as councillor of state, and director general of the departmental and communal ad ministration. In 1816 he published Wu gon vernement representatif et de l'itat acttiel de la France,' and (Essai sur l'instruction publique.>
In 1820 the Duc de Berry was assassinated, and Guizot's party fell before an reac tion. In 1825 he lost his chairUn account of the political character of his lectures, but regained it in 1828. In 1829 he again became of state, and after the July revolution was ap pointed minister of the interior, but resigned in 1831. After the death of Perier, Guizot, along with Thiers and DeBroglie, formed a coalition ministry and rendered great service as minister of public instruction. He became ambassador at the 'British court in 1840, and next year was the real head of the government of which Sault was the nominal chief. Ike retainedtkl_office of ,minister of, foreign 4fIairs until 1848 and during that period opposed all measures of re form. After the fall of Louis Philippe, Guizot escaped, fled to England, and though he re turned the next year he henceforth practically retired from public life. Born of a Calvinist family, he always remained a stern Protestant of the orthodox type, although he zealously supported the temporal authority of the pope, and had no sympathy with the aspirations of democracy. Among his numerous works may be mentioned: de la civilisation en France' (1830) ; generale de la civil isation en Europe' (1828) • Histoire de In civil isation de'Angleterre> (1827) ; 'Washington' ; sur la revolution d'Angleterre ; 'Meditations et etudes morales); (Guillaume le Conquerant); (Memoires pour servir a l'histoire de mon temps) (1858-68) • sur l'efat actuel de la religion Chretienne) (1865) ; biographiques et (His toire de France racontee a mes petits enfants) (1870) ; etc.