GUSSENBAUER, Karl, Austrian surgeon: b. Carinthia, 1842; d. 1903. After studying at Vienna, he occupied the chair of Surgery at Liege (1875); three years later he was appointed to a similar post at Prague and in 1894 at Vienna. His researches were principally in the surgery of the larynx, partial resection of the intestines and artificial bone severance. The invention of the first service able artificial larynx is due to his work. He wrote several treatises on surgery, including traumatischen Verletzungen) (1880); Pyohamie, and Pyo-Sephthamie (1M E 2) ; 'Beitrag zur Extirpation von Becken (1891).
GfJSSPELDT, Paul, powl giiefflt, German explorer: b. Berlin, 14 Oct. 1840. He studied science and mathematics between 1859 and 1865 in Berlin, Heidelberg, Giessen and Bonn. The German African Company sent him out on an expedition in 1872 to explore the Loango coast.
He was shipwrecked near Freetown, Liberia, (14 Jan. 1873), and landed at the mouth of the Kongo. He established a coast station but owing to the loss of equipment was unable to proceed into the interior and returned to Ger many in 1875. He has given an account of
this expedition in the work The Loango Ex pedition> (1879), which he wrote in collabora tion with his fellow travelers Falkenstein and Pechuel-Loesche. In 1876 he explored the Arabian Desert, and in September 1882 he vis ited South America. Among the Andes he discovered a vast area of glaciers, in Ion. 34° 30' S. He climbed the highest peak of the volcanic range of the Andes (21 Feb. 1882) and reached the edge of the crater of Maipo, and during April and May of the same year explored the lofty plateaus of Bolivia. He was appointed professor of physical geography in the seminary for Oriental languages in Ber lin. He has published In den Hochalpen' (1893) ; (Reise in den Anden von Chile and (1887) ; Mont Blanc' (1894) ; Wilhelm's II Reisen nach Norwegen in den Jahren 1889-92' (2d ed., 1892).