We find much greater stability in the hair dressing styles of the nations outside of Eu rope. With the children of nature of Africa, Asia, the Americas and Australia, we find its men attempting to look ferocious by letting their hair hang down like manes or with great erections of plaits held together with oil or clay. The womeif wear their hair frequently short or plaited or rolled up in a lump. The Arab women divide their hair into innumerable plaits into which they interweave gold threads, strings of pearls, ribbons, etc., and cover it with a light turban. The Arab men wear their hair short. The Chinese shave the head ex cept on the crown from which they allow a long cue to grow. The Japanese shave the head in front and wear short hair at the back and sides. The women comb back the hair from all sides and bring it up in a cluster on the top of the head, then decorate it in a most elaborate manner with big combs and long needles, flowers, etc. With both the latter nations European fashions are being adopted to the gradual exclusion of ancient customs.
Among the Turks and Persians it is the custom to shave the head in part, while the women wear their hair in long plaits that they lengthen with silk ones of like color.
Bibliography.—Bremer, Walter E. E. F., 'Die Haartracht des Mannes in archaischgriechische Zeit' (Giessen 1911); Bysterveld, 'Album de coiffures historiques' (Paris 1863-65) ; Falke, 'Haar und Bart der Deutsche& (in Anzeiger des Germanischen Museums, 1858) Krause, 'Plotina, oder die Kostiime des flaupthaars bei den Volkern der Alten Welt' (Leipzig 1858) • Lacroix, P., 'Histoire de la coiffure, de la bathe et des cheveux postiches' (in Le livre d'or des metiers, Paris 1851) • Villerrnont, Marie, Comtesse de,