HALLSTATT EPOCH, a name taken from the necropolis of Hallstatt, Upper Ans tria, not far from Salzburg, and applied to that culture in Europe—parts of Germany, France, Italy and in Switzerland, Bohemia, etc.— dis tinguished as the last bronze and first iron stage, dating back at least as far as 1000 B.C. According to some ethnologists in the eastern highlands of the Alps this culture was of a higher evolution than that of a partially tal cast in the west during the Neolithic epoch, HALLSTRoM, Ivar, e'var hestrern, Swedish composer: b. Stockholm, 5 June 1826; d. there, 11 April 1901. He studied law at Upsala, then turned his attention to music. in 1861-72 was director of the institute founded by Lindblad, and from 1881 instructor to the Royal Opera. His works include the operas 'Den Bergagna) ((The Mountain King,' 1874) ; and (libretto by Carmen Sylva, 1885); cantatas, numerous songs, and an 'Idyl> for orchestra, chorus and solo voices, for which he received (1860) a prize from the Stockholm Musical Union.
HALLSTRoM, Per, Swedish short-story writer: tt. Stockholm, 29 Sept. 1866. Pursued courses at the Higher Technical School in his native city (1883-87), and spent three years in America (1N7-90), where he seems to have come in contact chiefly with the poorer classes, with whom a number of the short stories writ ten after his return to Sweden deal. He held a
position in the Stockholm post office from 1890 to 1897, but has been devoting his time since then to travel and to writing. He published his (Lyrics and Phantasies' in 1891; then two volumes of short stories, Faglat.' Astray,' 1894), from which are taken two stories that have been translated into English ((Doctor Braun,' The New Re view, New York, November 1913, and posium,) in The American-Scandinavian Re view, New York, November 1913) and (Pur put-) ((Purple,' 1895) • Book of Travel) 1898); (1900). He is also the author of a rather delicate comedy of modern social life, His work is all of it smooth and elegant, pessimistic, but artistic in the extreme. In addition to the two short stories mentioned only two others may be found in English, in the files of the New York Call for 1914: 'From Out of the Dark) and 'A Letter to My Uncle.'