HARTRANFT, John Frederick, Amer ican soldier: b. New Hanover, Pa., 16 Dec. 1830; d. Norristown, Pa., 17 Oct. 1889. He was graduated at Union College in 1853, and in 1859 was admitted to the bar. At the outbreak of the Civil War he organized the 51st Pennsyl vania regiment, was made its colonel and with it participated in Burnside's expedition to North Carolina (1862). He also commanded the regi ment in a charge at Antietam, and at Fredericks burg. In March 1865, he commanded a division of the Ninth corps in their assault on Fort Stead man, and was brevetted major-general. He was elected auditor-general of Pennsylvania in 1865, and re-elected in 1868. From 1872 to 1878 he was governor of Pennsylvania, and thoroughly reorganized the Pennsylvania militia, which from 1879 he commanded, with rank of major general.
the horn of the common stag and its decomposition products. The sub stances derived from the horns were the volatile liquor, salt and oil, and the ash which remains when the horns are calcined in the air. The
fluid portions are got by destructive distillation in a convenient still, and are separated, the salt mechanically, and the others, after washing with water, by repeated rectification either alone or with quicklime, by which the more volatile por tions are got free from the tarry matter and heavier oils. The salt which is formed in this operation is ammonic carbonate, which in part condenses the neck of the retort, in part is washed over by the aqueous vapor into the receiver; and when the ammonia is got pure from the distillate and is condensed in water it constitutes he spirit of hart's-horn. The vola tile alkali or spirit of hares-horn is now no longer obtained from that except in special circumstances; the ammonia of com merce is now obtained from gas-liquor, from blast-furnaces or from other sources.