Hebbel, like many other German creative artists, was also active as a critical philosopher, his best work in this field being contained in 'Mein Wort fiber das (1843), and in the diaries. One of the theories dominating his artistic production was embodied in his prin ciple that the best conflicts for dramatic treat ment were those symbolizing the great turning points of history, the transition periods be tween great historic epochs. An examination of his titles alone will indicate that he was powerfully attracted to the development of sub jects involving the dash of hostile and incom patible civilizations. He has had an enormous influence over the intellectual life of the cul tured middle class in Germany, but, curiously enough, has been practically ignored in other countries. His gloomy, doctrinaire, sententious manner seem to have excluded him, thus far, from the attention of the Anglo-Saxon com munity. Other works by him are plays: (Genoveva) (1841), 'Der Rubin) (1849), 'Der Diamant' (1841), (unfinished, 1863) ; autobiographical: 'Mein Kindheit, ein Bnichstiick) (1846) ; many poems and ballads, including an excellent idyllic epic, 'Mutter und Kind) (1857). 'Werke,' Sikularausgabe (16
vols., Berlin 1912-13). Biography and crit icism: Biographies by Emil Kuh (Leipzig 1907), R. M. Werner (Berlin 1905), Walter Bloch (Berlin 1913), Adolf Bartels, 'Kinder land, Erinnerungen aus Hebbels Heimat,' (Leipzig 1914); Scheunert, A., 'Der Pantra gismus as System Hebbels) (Hamburg 1903) ; von Scholz, Wilhelm, 'Hebbel's Dramaturgie) (Berlin 1906); Schmitt, Salomon, (Hebbel's Dramatechnik' (Dortmund 1907) ; Horneffer, E., 'Hebbel und das religiose Problem der Gegenwart' (Jena 1907) ; Kutscher, A., 'Fried rich Hebbel als Kritiker des Dramas) (Berlin 1907) ; Miinz, B., 'Friedrich Hebbel als Den ker) (Wien 1907). In fact, the bibliography is so huge that in 1910 it already filled a large volume: Wiitschke, H., 'Hebbel Bibliogra phic' (Vol. VI of the Publications of the Bibliographische Gesellschaft, Berlin 1910). See MARIA MAGDALENA.