HODGSON, horson, Shadworth Holiway, English metaphysician: b. Boston, Lincolnshire, 25 Dec. 1832; d. 13 June 1912. He was educated at Rugby and Oxford and is the author of 'Time and Space) (1865) 'Principles of Re form in the Suffrage' (1866) ; 'The Theory of Practice' (1870) 'The Philosophy of Reflec tion' (1878) ; 'The Metaphysic of (1898), etc.
HOE, Richard Marsh, American inventor: h. New York, 12 Sept. 1812; d. Florence, Italy, 7 June 1886. He was the son of Robert Hoe (q.v.). In 1846 with his brother Peter S. he perfected a rotary printing-press which was called "Hoe's lightning press.* Subsequently the two brothers invented the Hoe web-perfect ing press, which superseded the rotary press and prints upon both sides of the sheet, and includes apparatus for folding and cutting. This was especially adapted to newspaper print ing and made a revolution in that art. The sons of Richard M. Hoe and of Peter S. Hoe conducted the business after the death of the brothers, and added various improvements to the original Hoe printing-press. See PRINTING.
HOE, Robert, American inventor: b. Lei cestershire, England, 1784; d. 1833. He came to the United States in 1803, was for a time a joiner, and later entered partnership with his brothers-in-law, Matthew and Peter Smith, for the sale of a hand printing-press, the invention of the latter. He took over the business in
1823. He retired in 1832. The original Hoe printing-press was designed and built by him. He is believed to be the earliest American ma chinist who utilized steam as a motive power in his plant.
HOE, Robert, American manufacturer: b. 1839; d. 1909. He is a nephew of Richard M. Hoe (q.v.). He became the head of the Hoe firm, and maintained its high position among establishments of its class. A founder of the Grolier Club of New York, he was also its first president. He was an extensive collector of rare books and manuscripts as well as of silver, miniatures and other art objects, his col lections at the time of his death being valued at several million dollars. He published an edi tion (1880) of Maberley's 'Print Collector,' and wrote 'A Short History of the Printing Press' (New York 1902) ; 'Bookbinding as a Fine Art' (Grolier Club, id. 1886). Consult biographical sketch by Gilliss in 'New York Genealogical and Biographical Record' (Vol. XII, ib. 1910).