HUGHES, Charles Evans, Americanju rist: b. Glens Falls, N. Y., 11 April 1862. He attended the public schools and Madison, now Colgate, University, 1876-78, and was graduated from Brown University in 1881; he then taught Greek and Latin in the Academy, Delhi, N. Y., studying law at the same time. In 1882 he went to New York city, where he continued to study law. He received honorary degrees of LL.D. from Brown in 1906, from Columbia, Knox and Lafayette in 1907, from Union and Colgate in 1908, from George Washington Uni versity, Washington, D. C., in 1909, from Wil liams, Harvard and Pennsylvania in 1910, and from Yale in 1915. He studied law in the office of Gen. Stewart L. Woodford and in the Co lumbia Law School, from which he was gradu ated with the degree of LL.B. in 1884; he was admitted to the bar the same year and prac tised in New York city. He won the prize Law School and was a Fellow 1 7; he was a member of the firm of Carter, Hughes & Cravath, 1887-91; pro fessor of law at Cornell University, 1891-93; special lecturer, 1893-95, and also a special lecturer at the New York Law School, 1893 1900. He returned to his old lawpractice in New York as a member of his old firm, which became Carter, Hughes & Dwight, and in 1904, on the death of Mr. Carter, the firm became Hughes, Rounds & Schurman. In 1905 he was made counsel for the legislative committee, headed by Senator Stevens, appointed by the New York State legislature to investigate the Consolidated Gas Company and the price of New York city gas, and he framed the 80-cent gas and the assault proof bills, which became laws. In the same year, while in Europe, he was recalled to act as attorney for the Arm strong legislative insurance committee, and drew up a set of insurance laws which were adopted and which have meant the effective stoppage of waste and theft which had run into millions of dollars annually. In 1906 he was appointed special assistant to United States Attorney-General William Henry Moody, in the investigation of the coal trust; in the same year he was nominated for governor of New York State on the Republican ticket and was the only Republican candidate elected on the ticket, defeating William Randolph Hearst, the Democratic nominee, and was re-elected in 1908. In 1908 Governor Hughes was regarded as a possible candidate for President of the United States as successor to Theodore Roose velt, the delegates from New York giving him a complimentary vote in the convention. On 25
April 1910 he was appointed by President Taft an associate justice of the United States Su preme Court. He was sworn in 10 Oct. 1910, and was succeeded as governor by Lieut. Gov. Horace White, who served the re maining three months of the term. As gov ernor' he' gave to New York State one of the most efficient administrations in its history. He carried many of his measures against the strong opposition of the legislature and other political forces, by gaining for them popular opinion through speeches made throughout the State. The most important amongst them were: Creation of State Probation Commission, Pub lic Service Commissions, State Highway Com mission, New Apportionment Act, Anti-Race Track Gambill:4 Act, Direct Primary Law. During his administration the State also cele brated in a worthy manner the tercentenary of the discovery of Lake Champlain and of the Hudson River. He resigned from the United States Supreme Court after having been nominated on 10 June 1916 by the Repub lican National Convention for the presidency. After his defeat by President Wilson in No vember of that year he returned to the prac tise of his profession. After the entrance of the United States into the World War, he was appointed chairman of the New York District Board of Exemption. In the spring of 1918 President Wilson placed in his hands the in vestigation of supposed irregularities in con nection with the building of airplanes for the United States army and navy, and he sub mitted his findings to the President October 1918. He is a member of the American, New York State and New York city bar associations, a Fellow of Brown University, a trustee of Chicago University and of the Rockefeller Foundation, and president of the Legal Aid Society. His speeches have been published as 'Addresses of C. E. Hughes) (revised ed., New York 1916) ; his messages, etc., as gov ernor of New York have been collected as 'Public Papers of C. E. Hughes, Governor, 1907-10) (Albany 1908-10). He has also pub lished 'Conditions of Progress in Democratic Government) (Yale Lectures on the Respon sibilities of Citizenship, New Haven 1910). Consult Ransom, W. H., 'Charles E. Hughes, etc.) (New York 1916).