In 1883 Huxley received the crowning honor of his life, being elected president of the Royal Society. But ill health soon compelled him to give up his official work. In 1885 he retired from his professorship, from his fishery post and from the presidency of the Royal Society, and confined himself to such work as he could perform in his study at Eastbourne (where in 1890 he built himself a house), or in the Enga dine, where he usually spent the summer.
He produced between 1885 and his death in 1895 a large series of brilliant and interesting essays, especially on the relation of science to Hebrew and Christian tradition, and on the evolution of theology and of ethics. During this period he was president of the Marine Biological Association, in the founding of which he took an active part, and in 1892 was made a member of the Privy Council.
In 1888 Huxley received the Copley medal of the Royal Society, and in 1894 the Darwin medal. Huxley was one of the first scientists of his time; his chief and most valuable work was in the direction of the popularization of science, particularly of the Darwinian theory. He was also active along lines of social and political reform, and in the development and organization of scientific education. He wrote, besides the books already mentioned. 'Elemen tary Physiology> (1866) ; 'Anatomy of Verte brated Animals' (1871) ; 'Critiques and Ad dresses' (1873); (Elementary Biology' (with Dr. H. N. Martin, 1875) ; 'American Addresses' (delivered at New York in 1876 on the fossil horses, 1877); 'Physiography' (1877); 'Hume' (1878) ; 'The Crayfish: An Introduc tion to the Study of Zoology' (1880) ; 'Col lected Essays' (1893-94). Between 1898 and 1902 there appeared four volumes of his 'Scientific Memoirs,' under the editorship of Sir Michael Foster and Prof. E. Ray Lan
kester. An authorized edition of his lesser works was published at New York between 1897 and 1900 in eight volumes. Consult Cadman, S. P., 'Charles Darwin and Other English Thinkers' (Boston 1911); Clodd, Edward, 'Thomas Henry Huxley' (New York 1902); Davis, J. R. A., 'Thomas H. Huxley' (ib. 1907) ; Fiske, John, 'Reminiscences of Huxley' (in 'Essays, Historical and Literary,' Vol. II, ib. 1907) ; Huxley, Leonard, 'Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley' (London 1900) ; Mitchell, P. C., (Thomas Henry Hux ley: A Sketch of his Life and Works' (ib. 1900) ; Osborn, H. F., and Education' (New York 1910).
HUY, fee, Belgium, a town on the right bank of the Meuse, at its confluence with the Hoyoux. It is in the province of Liege and 18 miles from the city of Liege. Interesting features are the old citadel, built in the rock wall, dating from 1822, topped by the ancient cathedral of Notre Dame with a 13th-century gateway. Huy had many educational institu tions, including a theological seminary and teachers' institute. The ruins of the abbey of Nemoustier founded by Peter the Hermit on his return from the first Crusade are to be found in the suburbs. The principal occupation of the vicinity is the cultivation of grapes, and the distilling of wine. There is some manu facture of paper and cloth, and some tin min ing. Because of its strategical position, Huy has been a battle ground and has changed hands many times. In 1703, it was captured by Marl borough and Coehoorn; and during the European War fell into the hands of the Ger mans in 1914, after a stubborn resistance. See WAR, EUROPEAN.