The course is usually a triangle, sailed over as required to make the number of stated miles; or a straight course to windward and return or to leeward and return. The standard distances for ice-yacht races are 20 miles, 15 miles or five miles. The larger the yacht the longer the course. Time limit: 20 miles, 1 hour 15 min utes; 15 miles, 35 minutes; 5 miles, 20 minutes.
In the United States and Canada there are many ice-yacht clubs. The challenge pennUnt of strength and adaptability for perfect handling. The centre of sail balance should agree with the centre of balance of the hull.
The cost of building an ice yacht of the first class, carrying about 650 square feet, is $1,200 and of the fourth class, carrying 300 square feet, about $350.
Sailing.— Racing on a lake is preferred to river racing. as there are neither tides nor ice cracks to interfere. Besides the sailing on the Shrewsbury and Hudson rivers there is now regular sailing and occasional racing on Champlain, New York; Lake Minnetonka and Lake Pepin, Minnesota; Lake Winnebago, consin; Gull Lake near Kalamazoo, Michigan, and the shores of Lakes Erie and Ontario. The 1914 races were sailed on the Shrewsbury, R. Heitemeyer's Imp winning the American
pennant in 40 minutes 5 seconds. In a 10-mile race off Red Bank the Scud offered 7 minutes handicap to all comers, but lost to the Imp. The 15-mile race for the Heitemeyer Cup was won by W. Content's Blanche in 35 minutes 35 seconds. In sailing a yacht the sheets are trimmed flat. The closest a boat will go to the wind is 30 degrees or 235 points. The best course, or the one that will take the yacht farth est to windward is 60 degrees or points from the wind, when the advance to windward should be at the rate of half the velocity of the wind, while the actual velocity is equal to that of the wind. The yacht encounters the greatest veloc ity of the wind when her course is 90 degrees or 8 points from the wind, when the apparent wind is twice the actual velocity. The great est speed of the boat is attained at 120 degrees or 10Y3 points from the wind, when her speed is twice that of the wind. The most rapid progress to leeward is made at 150 degrees or 13 3 points from the wind, when the ap parent velocity of the wind will equal its true velocity.