In 1849, 11,559 wage-earners or 1.4 per cent of the population were employed in manufac tures; in 1879, 144,727 or 4.7 per cent; in 1909, 465,764 or 8.3 per cent. The gross per capita value of the products increased from $19.42 in 1849 to $340.38 in 1909, and the percentage which the manufactures represented of the total value of the products of manufacturing in dustries in the United States from 1.6 in 1849 to 9.3 in 1909. Illinois ranked fifth in the value of manufactures in 1849, and third in 1909. In the last named year, she had 18,026 manu facturing establishments. These employed 561, 044 persons, paid out $364,768,000 in salaries and wages, turned out products valued at 919,277,000 from material.; costing $1,160,927„ and thereby added a value of $758,350,000 in the process of manufacturing. These figures do not include the government arsenal at Rock Island, which, in 1909, employed 1,698 wage earners and reported the value of its products at $3,114,338.
In 1909, the 21 1-ading industries with prod ucts valued at over $20,000,000, with the num ber of their establishments and the average number of workers employed were as follows: (1) Slaughtering and meat packing, $389,595, 000 (28.4 per cent of the total product of the United States), 109 and 26,705; (2) foundry and machine shop products, $138,579,000, 1,178 and 52,266; (3) clothing, men's, including shirts, $89,473,000, 715 and 36,152; (4) printing and publishing, $87,247,000, 2,608 and 28,644; (5) iron and steel, steel works and rolling mills, $86,608,000, 24 and 17,584; (6) agricultural im plements, $57,268,000 (39.1 per cent of the total product of the United States), 79 and 19,240. (7) distilled liquors, $55,200,000 (27 per cent of the total product of the United States), 9 and 750; (8) flour-mill and grist mill products, $51,111,000, 461 and 2,464; (9) lumber and tim ber products, $44,952,000, 814 and 16,567; (10) iron and steel, blast furnaces, $38,300,000, 6 and 2,493; (11) bread and other bakery prod ucts $36,118,000, 2,099 and 8,611; (12) cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam railroad companies, $32,229,000, 73 and 23,131; (13) liquors, malt, $28,449,000, 106 aqd 4,398; (14) furniture and refrigerators $27,900,000, 267 and 13,575; (15) cars, steam railroad, not including operations of railroad companies, $27, 001,000, 28 and 10,945; (16) electrical machin ery, apparatus and supplies, $26,826,000, 143 and 9,641 • (17) copper, tin and sheet-iron products, 483 and 7,473; (18) tobacco manu factures, $21,870,000, 1,944 and 8,034; (19) gas, illuminating and heating, $21,052,000, 78 and 6,301; (20) paint and varnish $20,434,000, 74 and 1,792; (21) soap, $20,181,000, 34 and 2,188. The
average number of wage-earners in 1909 was 465,764. Of this number 382,691 were males 16 years of tge and over, 76,156 were females 16 years of age and over and 6,917 were under 16 years of age. The percentages for the three were 822, 16.3 and 1.5. The proportion of wage-earners under 16 in all manufacturing in dustries combined was only one-half as great in 1909 as in 1899. There was a moderate increase during the decade, however, in the proportion of female wage-earners 16 years of age or over, while the proportion of males 16 years of age or over showed a slight decrease. In 1909, 842 per cent of the workers employed in the men's fur nishing goods industry were females 16 years of age or over, 75.4 per cent of those in the millinery and lace goods industry were females 16 or over, and 67.4 per cent of the workers in the women's clothing industries belonged to this class. Other industries employing large numbers of female wage-earners 16 years of age and over were: printing and publishing, slaughtering and meat packing, and the manu facture of docks and shoes, electrical machin ery, tobacco products and fancy and paper boxes. Of the wage-earners under 16, 46.9 per cent were employed in seven industries. These were the men's clothing industry with an aver age of 995; printing and publishing, with 739; the manufacture of fancy and paper boxes, with 410; the boot and shoe industry, with 334; the manufacture of pianos and organs with 309; the confectionery industry, with 205; and foundries and machine shops, with 202. Ia the manufacture of patent medicines and com pounds, the proportion of children in the total number of wage-earners was highest —8.1 per cent— but the average number employed was only 151.
The value of the total manufactured product in Chicago alone, in 1909, was 171,000 or about two-thirds of the total. Peoria and Joliet held second and third place among the manufacturing cities. In 1914, Illinois had 18,388 establishments, 15,854 proprietors and firm members, 95,130 salaried employees, 506,943 wage-earners, and $1,943,836,000 invested capi tal. These manufacturing industries paid $128, 478,000 in salaries and $340,910,000 in wages, used material costing $1,340,183,000 and turned out products valued at $2,247,323,000, thereby adding a value of $907,140,000. The total value of the product has practically doubled within 15 years, the value being only $1,259,730,168 in 1899.