University Institutes.— There may be named in this category: (a) The Royal Insti tute in Florence for higher practical study and proficiency. This comprises three departments: (1) Philosophy and philology; (2) medicine and surgery; (3) physical and natural science, and two schools, a school of pharmacy and a school of obstetrics. The administrative gov ernment of the institute is entrusted to a coun cil of managers consisting of five members, two of whom represent the municipality of Florence and three the government; and the de partment of instruction to an academic council composed of five members — the president of the council of managers, the presidents of the three departments, and the director of the school of pharmacy.
(b) The Royal Scientific-Literary Academy of Milan. This has a university faculty of philosophy and literature. By a royal de cree of 18 Aug. 1880, there was added to the school of teachers annexed to this academy a department for qualifying students to teach modern languages and literature in the inter mediate schools of the kingdom, to which are also admitted students who are not enrolled in the branches of philosophy and literature.
(c) The Royal Institute of Tech nology of Milan. The obligations and govern ment of this institute, maintained by the state with the aid of the province and commune of Milan, are determined by the royal decrees of 13 Nov. 1862, 5 March 1863, 3 Sept. 1865, 5 Nov. 1875, 24 Jan. 1897. The institute com prises eight departments. The course in the preparatory school covers two years; that in the special schools, three years, and that in the normal department, four years.
(d) The Royal Polytechnic High School of Naples: This school was established by royal decree of 30 July 1863, which at the same time abolished the pre-existing school of hydraulic and field engineering. It comprises courses in civil engineering, mechanical engineering and architecture; and in addition a special course in electro-technics, ani a course in hygiene as ap plied to engineering. Each course covers three years.
(e) The royal schools of applied engi neering (not dependent on their respective uni versities) of Bologna, Rome and Turin.
(f) The Royal Naval High School of Genoa (hitherto dependent on the Ministry of Marine).
(g) The royal schools of veterinary medi cine of Milan, of Naples and of Turin.
Institutes and Special The royal higher institutes for female instructors in Florence and Rome. These were founded by the law of 25 June 1882, and their object is to provide for and to augment the, literary and scientific culture of women, on the one Eland, and on the other, to qualify them as teachers and instructors of special branches in the female normal schools, in schools of the highest grade, and in all the other intermediate girls' schools throughout the kingdom. The
course Covers four years.
(b) The university schools annexed to the lyceum gymnasiums of Aquila, Bari and Catanzaro.
(c) The Royal Institute of Social Science *Cesare Alfieri ° in Florence with the annexed provincial school for notaries. The course covers three years.
(d) The royal schools of theoretical and practical obstetrics of Milan, Novara, Venice and Vercelli.
(e) The Royal Oriental Institute of Naples. Here they have courses in Hindoostani, Arabic, Amaric, Turkish, Modern Greek, Albanian, Chinese, Japanese; in the geography, religion, legislation of Oriental nations, and their com mercial, relations with Italy; and comple mentary instruction in English and Russian.
(f) The Business University Luigi Bocconi of Milan. This was founded at the pious sug of the Milanese merchant, Ferdinand Bocconi, the elder, in honor of the memory of his son, Luigi, who lost his life in the disastrous battle of Mita, • (g) The institutes of fine arts (maintained by the government) at Bologna, Carrara, Flor ence, Lucca, Massa, Milan, Modena, Naples, Palermo, Parma, Rome, Turin and Venice; and those not supported by the government, at Bergamo, Ferrara, Genoa, Novara, Pavia, Perugia; Piacenza, Pietrosanta, Ravenna, Tiena, Urbino, Vercelli and Verona.
(h) The musical institutes and conserva tories, under government control, of Florence, Milan, Naples, Palermo and Parma; and those not supported by the government, of Bologna, Pesaro, Rome, Turin and Venice.
(i) There are some higher institutes de _ pendent on the Ministry of Agriculture, Indus try and Commerce, such as: (1) the three com mercial high schools of Bari, Genoa and Venice; (2) the two high schools of agricul ture of Milan and Portict ; (3) the higher Ag rarian experimental institute of Perugia; (4) the institute of forestry of Vallombrosa.
Military Those dependent on the Ministry of War are (1) the War School of Turin; (2) the Military Academy of Turin; (3) the School of Artillery and Applied En gineering of Turin; (4) the Military School of Modena; (5) the School of Applied Mili tary Hygiene of Florence; (6) the Military Col leges of Naples and Rome; (7) the Central School of Infantry in Parma; (8) the Cavalry School of Pinerole• (9) the Central School of Artillery on the Poligono del Nettuno near Rome; (10) the Military School of Instruction in the Use of Arms, in Rome. Those depend ent on the Ministry of Marine are: (1) the Naval Academy of Leghorn; (2) the School for Apprentice-machinists in Venice.