Congressional Representation.— The State has 13 representatives in Congress.
Population and Divisions.— The popula tion of Indiana territory in 1800 was 5,641, but only about 2,500 of this was within the bound aries of the State. In 1810 the population of the territory, with practically the same boundaries as the State, was 24,520. A territorial census taken in 1815 showed 63,897 inhabitants. After the admission of the State the census returns were as follows: 184 147,178; 1830, 343,031; 1840, 685,866; 1850, 988,416; 1860, 1,350,428; 1870, 1,680,637; 1880, 1,978,301; 1890, 2,192,404; 1900, 2,516,462. Of the population in 1900, 142, 121 were foreign born, and 57,505 were =Foes, The tendency of the negroes is to gather ni the cities, more than one-fourth of the entire num ber being found at Indianapolis, and an eighth at Evansville. In 1910, 2,700,876.
The State has 92 counties, whose names and county-seats are as follows: Chief Cities.—The largest city in Indiana is the capital, Indianapolis, with a population (1910) 233,650. Next in size are Evansville (69,647), Fort Wayne (63,933). Terre Haute (58,157), and South Bend (53,684). .Each of these cities has a charter specially made for it, though under guise of a general law. These charters are of recent creation — the oldest made in 1891 — and establish advanced forms of city government. Of cities of secondary im portance may be named Muncie (24,005), New Albany (20,629), Anderson (22,476), Richmond (22,324), Lafayette (20,081), Marion (19,359), Logansport (19,050), and Elkhart (19,282). There were in all 80 cities and 330 incorporated towns in the State in 1901.
History.—The first-known visits of white men to Indiana were those of Sieur de la Salle, who followed the Ohio River along its southern boundary in 1669-70, and crossed its northwest ern corner by way of the Saint Josephs-Kanaka kee portage in 1671. There were no Indians living below the Wabash at that time and prob ably not many in the northern part of the State, but those there were LaSalle induced to join his confederacy against the Iroquois, and they all removed to the Illinois River, leaving Indiana practically uninhabited. After some years they
began moving to the East, reaching Detroit by 1712, and shortly afterward located at points along the Maumee and Wabash rivers. The Delawares, who afterward lived in the central part of the State, on White River, came there about 1750. It is probable that the French first placed representatives at the Indian villages near the site of Fort Wayne, and next, about 1720, at Ouiatancrn— on the north side of the Wa bash just below Lafayette— and that there were stockade forts at these places, but there is noth ing to indicate a permanent settlement at either place. The post at Vincennes was established in 1731, largely under the influence of Father De Beaubois, a Jesuit who had been stationed at Kaskaskia. Families located there soon after ward, and it remained a permanent settlement, though there is but one land grant recorded of date prior to 1736. The French posts were small and unimportant, and the history of the region under French and British rule presents no very striking features. In 1778 Vincennes was surrendered to representatives of Gen. George Roger Clark, and the Wabash country was brought under American control. A re capture by the British was followed by a second taking by Clark in 1779. The region was ceded to the United States by the treaty of 1783, and was included in the territory northwest of the Ohio River, by the ordinance of 1787. It was thus governed until 1800, when Indiana Terri tory was formed, including all of the Northwest Territory except Ohio. From Indiana Terri tory, Michigan Territory was cut off in 1805, and Illinois Territory in 1809, leaving it with practically the present State boundaries. By act of Congress of 19 April 1816, Indiana was au thorized to form a State government, and the State was formally admitted by Act of 11 Dec. 1816. In the meantime a State Constitution had been adopted on 29June ; State officials had been elected, and the State government had been actually inaugurated on 7 November.