Churches.— Indianapolis is the seat of a Roman Catholic bishop, with an auxiliary bishop, and of an Episcopal bishop. Including missions there are 17 Roman Catholic churches in the city, 52 Methodist, 20 Presbyterian, 7 Episcopal, 54 Baptist, 5 Congregational, 9 Luth eran, 20 Christian, 4 German Evangelical, 3 Evangelical Association, 3 Friends, 3 United Presbyterian,.5 German Reformed and 71 of other denominations. There are 7 Hebrew congregations.
In the city there are 15 hos pitals, State, county, college, church, chari table and private, 4 homes for the aged, 10 in dustrial schools and orphan asylums, 4 homes for women and girls, more than 60 organized charitable and relief societies, and such institu tions as the Red Cross, Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., Friendly Inn, Humane Society, Day Nur sery. The township trustee is a source of offi cial relief. The charities of the city are effi ciently administered, as a result of co-oper ation between organizations largely brought about through the efforts of Rev. Oscar C. Mc Cullouch. In 1894 a plan of relief for the un employed, whereby over 5,000 people were pro vided with the necessaries of life throughout winter without pauperizing influences resulting, became widely known as the ((Indianapolis Plan of The plan was devised and carried out on behalf of the people of the city by a Commercial Club committee composed of Hugh H. Hanna, Col. Eli Lilly and William Fortune. In 1918 a fund of approximately $3,000,000 was raised by voluntary contribu tions for purposes of war relief and local chari ties, to be disbursed under the authority of the War Chest Board of Indianapolis. This board in 1918 undertook with the assistance of experts to reorganize the philanthropic work of the com munity under plans for centralized direction.
Education.— There are 80 public school buildings, including 3 high schools, one giving manual training, in which about 1,000 teachers are employed, with a total enrolment of about 45,000 pupils; 28 Catholic schools, 2 Lutheran schools, 25 private schools and academies, be sides the schools in connection with institu tions. The city is the home of several institu tions of importance, Butler College, supported by the Christian Chinch, and the Indian Uni versity School of Medicine being among these. Other important schools are the Benjamin Har rison Law School, the Indiani Law School, the Indiana Dental College, and a large num ber of business, music and art schools. In addition there are several girls' schools sup ported by private funds or by religious denomi nations. Free kindergartens are operated under the Free Kindergarten Association, and 51 kindergartens and a normal school are maintained largely from public funds, besides a number of private kindergartens. The Art
Association of Indianapolis maintains the John Herron Art Institute, including art gallery, school and museum. The Propylaeum is a building erected by an association composed exclusively of women.
most notable libraries are the public library with about 200,000 volumes, under the of the board of school com missioners, and the State library with about 75,000 volumes. The State law library with 50,000 volumes, and agricultural and horticul tural libraries in the State House, and the county library and bar association's library in the court-house may be noted. There are 12 branches of the public library and many small special libraries of schools and associations.
Newspapers and Indianapolis has 7 daily papers, 23 weeklies, 38 month lies, a total of 72 publications of all classes. The list of trade and class papers published in the city is particularly notable. Indianapolis is the home of many writers whose names are familiar to the public, notable among whom are James Whitcomb Riley, Booth Tarkington and Meredith Nicholson. In recent years In dianapolis has become an important western book-publishing centre.
The development of the city has been markedly influenced by organized work in various directions. There are a great number of literary, art and musical societies, and largely as a result of this activity there is a high standard of cultivation in such matters. This has had a notable influence in establishing in the social life of the city a standard of merit rather than determining the standing of the individual on questions of lineage or wealth. There are many social clubs, among the most notable being the University, Country, Wood stock, Dramatic, Contemporary and Woodruff Clubs, the Athmneum and the Mannerchor, while the Columbia, Marion and Indiana Dem ocratic Clubs are political organizations, estab Us'hed in comfortable homes. The Columbia Club building, located on the Circle, is one of the finest club-houses in the United States. The Commercial Club, now the Chamber of Commerce, with a membership of over 2,500, which owns as its home an eight-story office building, was a dominant force in the new era of progress and development which started hi 1890, and devotes itself to the welfare of the city. The Board of Trade, an older organiza tion with a membership of about 700, has also been active in this direction. The Red Cross has a membership of over 100,000 in Indian apolis, and expended more than $1,000,000 in 1917-18. Organizations of various kinds, com mercial, trade, fraternal, social, literary, art, musical and miscellaneous, number over 1,000.