3. Eliminating Sunday Work.— In advo cating the elimination of Sunday work as a dangerous expedient, the committee's findings agree with the report of the British Health of Munition Workers Committee, who found that °seven days' labor only produces six days' output," and, they added, "the evidence before the committee has led them strongly to hold that if the maximum output is to be secured and maintained for any length of time, a weekly period of rest must be allowed." 4. Bad Effects of Night the committee recognized the necessity of operating many factories on day and night shifts to in crease the output of war supplies, they felt that in the long run night work will prove detri mental to the health of the workers, and they recommended a consideration of the plan to alternate day and night work, changing the shifts at intervals, say every other week. The report called attention to the fact that the British committee made a careful statistical study of the output under both systems and found that the same night-shift con tinues to be employed the total output is less than where there is an alternation of day- and night-work.' 5. Rest The introduction of rest or recess-periods during the ordinary working hours has also been found effective in reducing fatigue and improving the quality of the output. In many plants all workers engaged intensively during the entire work-period are compelled to take two recesses, one in the morning and one in the afternoon. Such rest-periods are not optional but compulsory. The workers are forced to leave their machines and to move about and relax. In some cases a little food or a cup of tea or cocoa is provided.
6. Providing committee advised that, wherever possible, seats be provided in order that operatives may not have to stand all day; and suggested that, instead of being of uniform height, the °seats should be adjusted to the individual worker,' and, °where the worker's feet cannot reach the floor, foot-rests should be provided.'
7. Value of Motion The commit tee also recognized the value of motion studies and the importance of the element of variety in the work performed, a conclusion that is in harmony with the theories of scientific manage ment. In 1916, Richard A. Feiss, general man ager of the Clothcraft Shops, Cleveland, Ohio, speaking before the American Public Health Association, declared that °speed in itself is not injurious. . . . There are conditions under which operating at half the best possible speed is more fatiguing and more injurious to the worker's health than operating at the best pos sible speed under proper conditions.' This idea is also maintained by the committee, who advise that proper studies of motions be made with a view to the elimination of all awkward, un rhythmical and unnecessary motions, that the work may °be done with the least possible waste of energy and time.' It also advocates the introduction of a little variety into work that must become monotonous through being the constant and rapid repetition of the same move ment, and suggests that alternating processes might diminish the fatigue without diminishing the output. • 8. Sanitation and The com mittee found that fatigue diminishes and effi ciency increases in keeping with the improve ment of the sanitary conditions of the factory and the ventilation of the workroom. Exces sive heat and humidity should be avoided as far as possible and the air should be kept in motion. Lighting facilities, the supply of drinking water, providing lunch-rooms and rest rooms and the general sanitary condition of the toilets and wash-rooms, all play a part in the general plan for the elimination of fatigue. See INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE; INDUSTRIES, WEL