Banking. Iowa has the largest number of banks of any State in the Union. On 6 July 1915; it had 1,625 banks, national, 348; State, 323; savings, 832; private, 102; loan and trust, 20; total capital, $67,732,586.67; total deposits, $483,521,440.05. In 10 years the savings banks of Iowa have increased in number from 429 to 831; in capital from $13,471,000 to $24,845, 100; in deposits from $100,232,071 to $223,975, 413; percentage of increase in capital 87, in deposits 123.
State banks have increased in number from 248 to 340; in capital from $10,625,800 to $16, 889,700; deposits from $46,261,287 to $101,837, 298; percentage of increase in capital 58, in deposits 120. 'National banks have increased in number from 281 to 348; in capital from$17, 665,000 to $23,777,270; in deposits from $69,709, 000 to $140,995,227; percentage of increase in capital 34, in deposits 102. Private banks have decreased in number from 139 to 102; in capital from $3,045,166 to $1,893,717; percentage of de crease 37, of deposits 13.
Insurance. Iowa's insurance corporations are many and extensive, their operations ex tending to all parts of the Union. While life insurance is the larger interest, fire and casualty companies are growing in number and volume of business. At the beginning of the year 1916 its fire organizations were: stock companies, 4; mutual companies, 3; State mutual associations, 31; county mutual associations, 160. The seven companies show assets amounting to $4,674,867 and net premiums received $2,347,533.64. The 31 State mutual associations show assets, $2, 406,510.82; income $1,708,291.61. The 160 county mutual associations show assets $1,502,400.05; income $1,167,718.39. At the beginning of the year 1916, combined assets of Iowa's six casu alty companies $2,101,368.43; income $1,173, 618.38. At the beginning of the year 1916 there were 14 Iowa companies, 3 Iowa associations .and 12 fraternal societies engaged exclusively in life insurance. Of the 14 Iowa life insur ance companies, the total assets at the begin ning of 1916 was $53,524,298.10; total income $19,148,606.28; of the three associations the total assets at the beginning of 1916 were $3, 536,518.80; total income $2,222,531.04. Of the 12 fraternal societies, the total income was $7,439,498.10.
Education. In 1910' Iowa ranked second among 'the States in literacy,. with 1.7 per cent of illiterates; in 1915 it regained its first place, with only 1 per cent of illiterates. These fig ures are doubly significant when given in con nection with the fact that, by the last Federal census, the average of illiteracy in the United States is 7.7. In 1910 there were 29,889 illiter ates in the State; in 1915 there were 18,739. Attendance on common schools in 1915, 76.2 per cent; attendance on high or preparatory schools, 13.6 per cent; attendance at college 6.6 per cent. Total number in attendance in schools and colleges in 1914, 519,814. In 1904-05 Iowa expended on her educational institutions $916, 598.71; in 1913-14, $2,682,540.97. Its total of expenditure for schools and colleges in 1914 was $17,585,341.88. Iowa's investment expendi ture during the 10 years ending with 1914, for its State Teachers College was$538,616,N; for its State University, $2,081,954.73; for its State
College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, $2, 483,565.42; for school sites and schoolhouses $11,298,853,20. In 1915, Iowa had 20,946 schools, a gain of 169 since 1906. Since 1906 there has been, along with the increase in schools and expenditures a slight dimunition in the number of teachers. There has been a wide variation in the total enrollment, during the last five years, from 496,045 in 1910 to 522,423 in 1915. In 1915, the total value of Iowa's schoolhouses was $37,061,740; of apparatus $1,915,701; vol umes in school libraries, 1,264,291; male teachers 2,628; female teachers 24,163; average school attendance 391,132; teachers' salaries $11,174, 715; average compensation of teachers $5921; average months of school 8.7; percentage of attendance to enrollment 75; schoolhouses built in 1915 232; permanent school fund $4,805,598. The number of graded schools has been steadily increasing since 1870. From 1906 to 1915 the value of Iowa's schoolhouses increased over $14,000,000 In 1915 there were 155 consoli dated school districts in the State, the result of a movement toward the township unit be gun in 1897, a movement resulting in the closing of 429 one-room schools. In the fiscal period 1914-16 the State gave a bonus for the encouragement of consolidated schools giving special vocational instruction as follows: for consolidated schools $134,750; for aid in normal training in high schools $238,125. The State provides instruction for its dependents as fol lows: for the deaf 216, the blind 135, orphan's home 573, industrial school, for girls, 178, for boys 434, for feeble-minded 1,467. There were in Iowa, in 1915, 155 private schools with an enrollment of 23,628. There are 27 colleges and universities unsupported by the State, most of them in part supported by churches. These colleges have land, buildings and equipment valued at over $7,000,000 and have an income of nearly $1,500,000. The combined faculty number 571; students 10,148. The State di rectly supports three institutions for higher education, under the supervision of a board of education, which also supervises the col lege for the blind. These four institutions have property, including endowments, aggre gating $12,050,529 as will be seen by the follow ing statement: $2.500,000. During the decade closing with 1915, the State invested in land, buildings and -,uipment for these institutions over $5,000, 1. In that decade the faculty in the three institutions for higher education increased from 345 to 692, and the enrollMent front 5,694 to 10,127. The record of graduation in 1914-15 was: University (Iowa City) 561; State College (Ames) 413; Teachers' College (Cedar Falls) 385. The student body has increased as fol lows: University, in 1906, 1,815; in 1915, 2,996; State College in 1906, 1,398 in 1915, 3,629; Teachers College, in 1906, 2,490; in 1915, 3,502. The principal institutions of higher education exclusive of those supported by the State are: The beginning of the year 1919 found the principal institutions of higher education in Iowa rapidly recovering from the confusion incident to the brief invasion of the Student Army Training Corps mustered out soon after the amnesty of 11 Nov. 1918.