T. J. JACKSON. Major-General.
He had defeated the advance of Fremont under Milroy and driven it back in great con fusion. Then followed in rapid succession the uniting of Ewell's division with his at Luray, the driving in of Banks' flank at Front Royal, the cutting of his retreating column at Middle town, and on 25 May the rout of Banks' army from the heights of Winchester, and driving him penmen across the Potomac. He was about to cross the Potomac into Maryland in pursuit of Banks when he learned that Fremont from the west, and Shields, the head of McDowell's column, from the east, were marching to form put his army in motion and by forced marches (one of his 'brigades marched 52 miles in one day) he reached the point of danger in time to hold Fremont in check with one hand and Shields with the other until his whole army, prisoners and immense wagon trains loaded with captured stores passed on in safety. He then moved leisurely up the valley, burning the bridges over the Shenandoah to prevent a junc ture between Fremont and Shidds —his rear being protected by that chivalrous knight and brave soldier, Gen. Turner Ashby, who filled the valley with the fame of his brilliant achieve ments, and whose fall in a severe fight near Harrisonburg on 6 June was sadly lamented as a great calamity to the Confederate cause. On 7 June, at Cross Keys, Ewell badly defeated Fremont, and on 8 June, at Port Republic, on the opposite side of the river, Jackson routed Shields, and the armies sent to "crush" him were soon rapidly retreating down the valley, while "Stonewall"— that name will cling to him, but "Thunderbolt," "Toniado," or "Hur would be• more expressive of his char acter,— remained master of the situation. This campaign may (be thus summarized: In 32 days Jackson and his "foot cavalry" had marched nearly 400 miles, skirmishing almost daily, fought .five battles, defeated three armies, two of which' were completely routed, captured 20 pieces of artillery, 4,000 prisoners, and immense quantities of stores of all kinds, and had done all this with a loss of fewer than 1,000 men killed, wounded and missing, and with a force of only 15,000 men, while there were at least 60,000 men opposed to him. He had spread consternation throughout the North and had neutralized McDowell's 40,000 men at Freder icksburg, who were about to march to the aid of McClellan in investing Richmond. Jackson now rested for a brief season, was reinforced from Lee's army, made the impression on the enemy that he would advance down the valley again, and managed matters so secretly that Banks at Strasburg was busily engaged in forti fying against an expected attack from him at the very time he was thundering on McClellan's flank at Richmond over 200 miles away. The part he bore in the Seven Days around Rich mond, the second Manassas campaign, and the Maryland campaign was so conspicuous and so important that it would be, indeed, to write the history of the army to give it in detail. His skill and daring in the Seven Days battle, his defeat of Pope's advance under Banks at Cedar Run, his flank march to Pope's rear, and the pertinacity with which he held him at bay along the Warrenton road until Lee could come up with Longstreet and drive him into the fortifi cations around Washington, his capture of Harper's Ferry with 11,000 prisoners, 13,000 stand of small arms, 73 pieces of artillery, and large quantities of provisions and stores of every description, and his conduct on the field of Sharpsburg, all added greatly to the fame of Stonewall Jackson and his grand old corps of !Foot Cavalry." It was the privilege of the writer of this sketch to have been under Jack son during the whole of his brilliant career, and it may not he amiss to describe him as he appeared at the head of his victorious legions; about 37 years old, six feet tall, medium build, gray-blue eyes, light brown hair, set jaw and wide nostrils. He wore a plain gray uniform
which soon 'became faded and soiled, cavalry boots and an old gray cadet cap with its rim tilting on his nose. He rode a raw-boned sorrel horse which the men said "could not run except toward the enemy," but whenever he appeared among the troops they would begin to give the Confederate yell, and he would take off his cap, put spurs to "Little Sorrel" and gallop away from them as rapidly as possible. On 10 Oct. 1862 he was made lieutenant-general, and his corps made to consist of his old division, under W. B. Taliaferro, Early's division, A. P. Hill's division, and D. H. Hill's division, Colonel Brown's regiment of artillery, and numerous light batteries. At Fredericksburg, 13 Dec. 1862, he held the extreme right of Lee's army, and defeated with great slaughter Franklin's attack upon him. The following winter and spring Jackson spent in improving the organiza tion, discipline and efficiency of his corps, and as, in his judgment, a most important means of accomplishing this, he labored to have chaplains in every regiment and missionaries to visit the army, and did everything in his power to pro mote the religious welfare of his soldiers. It was largely through his influence that a chap lains' association was formed, and he had regu lar prayer-meetings at his headquarters during the weeks and preaching on Sundays. But the end hastened on, General Hooker threw Sedg wick across the river below Fredericksburg the latter days of April 1863, crossed the bulk of his army above and strongly fortified his lines at Chancellorsville in the confident hope that Lee would either retreat on Richmond, or attack him in his strong position, where a crushing defeat would await him. But instead of doing either of these things Lee left Early to watch Sedgwick, moved up to Hooker's front, and sent Jackson with 22,000 men to make a march to'Hooker's flank and rear. This was brilliantly executed and Jackson routed that flank of Hooker's army, and was proceeding to cut him off from his line of retreat and take a position where Hooker would have been compelled to attack him, when in returning from one of those bold reconnoissances which he so frequently made, his party was mistaken for the enemy and fired on by his own men and he was very severely wounded. His left arm was ampu tated, his other wounds dressed, and he was doing well and gave every promise of recovery, when pneumonia, brought on by exposure be fore the battle, set in and he died at a quarter past three P.M., Sunday, 10 May 1863.
The great soldier had fought his last battle, won his last victory, and gone to wear his glit tering "crown of rejoicing." He was buried as he had requested in "Lexington in the valley of Virginia." A beautiful bronze statue marks his grave; on the hill at the Virginia Military Insti tute has been reared the stately "Jackson Me morial Hall," and in the capitol square of his native State stands the noble bronze statue, the gift of English admirers. Lee spoke his fittest eulogy when he wrote him after hearing that he was wounded: !Could I have dictated events I should have chosen for the good of the country to have been disabled in your stead." Consult Cooke, J. E., 'Stonewall Jackson: A Military Biography' (New York 1876) ; Jackson, M. A. M.; 'Memoirs' (Louisville 1895); Henderson, 'Stonewall Jackson and the Civil War> (2 vols., New York 1902).
J. Wu, JONES.