(3) Co-operation with the judiciary in what ever else belongs to the power of nomination; the power of pardon and of amnesty.
The distinctive feature in a parliamentary -monarchy was constituted in Italy by the Cabi net, the choke of whose members depends on the free will of the king. According to the letter of the statute this privilege is absolute (art. 67) • but in practice tt has been modified to suit the conditions of Parliament and the country, in accottlanCe with the best traditions of England and Belgium.
In the preliminary period, from 1648-60, the king had a greater power of initiative. His prerogatives savored of the original character of the statute which was a concession by the Crown; and the exercise of those prerogatives was a complete success, especially in the choice of the Prime Minister, Count Camillo Benso di Cavour, whose direction of Italian politics and their functions, seconded by King Victor Eman uel II, led to the independence and unity of Italy. With the new kingdom, the national rep resentation became of more value, the selection of the Cabinet was made the choice of a ma jority, and depended on the political votes of the Chamber of Deputies. This proper method has been followed until the present time by the king, who thus maintains himself superior to all Rallies, and can adapt himself to the exi gencies of public opinion.
In the exercise of the right of choosing the members of the government is also compre. headed the power to refuse any. such nominees if the Crown thinks that the legal majority in Parliament does not correspond to the royal majority throughout the country. Thus it hap pened that in 1864, after the sad cases in Turin which provoked a violent repression on the part of Minister Minghetti, subsequent to the con vention of September, at which the capital was transferred from Turin to Florence, the king demanded the dismissal of the Cabinet, although it had a majority in the Parliament.
In several cases the Crown has not been willing to accept the retirements caused by hos tile votes in the Chamber of Deputies, but it is a right which must be exercised with discre tion, and it is always connected with the power of appeal to the country.
Collecting together the various solutions of the crisis during a period, of 58 years it will be found that the Crown exercised greater free dom in, the choice of ministers under Charles Albert.and Victor Emmanuel II; that is many instances it used the power of discretion under Kitv hiumbert, and that it conforms strictly, to the designation of a parliamentary monarchy under the present government.