JOURNALISM, Class Publications. The story of American journalism is incomplete without consideration of the influence of maga zines as distinguished from newspapers, of technical and trade papers, foreign language papers, college periodicals, and a long line of what are called gClass Publications,o ranging all the way from religious papers and women's magazines to medical journals and anarchistic periodicals. All these are a part of journalism, and each class contributes its share to the mold ing of public thought and action. For it must be admitted that the republic is largely gov erned by its journalism; this has come to be the accepted mode of interchanging thought, and when many great newspapers or maga zines or periodicals act in unison on definite lines, public thought is molded, and action re sults. We have to judge our public men mainly by what the press says of them; we have to form opinions of our industries largely by the trade papers; we have to measure the work of colleges in considerable degree by the sort of college papers they create. The great divines, the great surgeons, the great scientists have to be made by the press or remain unknown. So, whether we like it or not, we are forced to the conclusion that the charge that America is governed by its press is largely true; hence the great importance of keeping that press pure and devoted to the highest ideals. Magazines of nation-wide circulation have come to exer cise a strong influence on national policies and the government at Washington. They+. thus serve as a wholesome balance to the influence of a local press that must largely represent its own locality rather than the people as a whole. The religious press has a wide influence on the development of the churches, which are gen erally recognized as the saving element of every community that makes for advance in morality and ideals. The agricultural press is almost as numerous, and has undoubtedly had a large share in the movement to make farm ing more profitable and to rescue agriculturists from handing all their profits to middlemen. Through public agitation and development of granges, selling societies and the Farmers' Na tional Congress the farmer has taken his right ful place as a business man, and seems likely to maintain it in spite of industrial trusts. The technical and trade press has had a tremendous development, belonging almost wholly to the period since 1880. Every great industry has
numerous important.periodicals. and the minor industries have from one to half a dozen each. These have come to wield a wide influence, and are very informative to the outside world, as well as the special industry concerned. They afford a field for discussing and thrashing out differences of opinion in the trades, both as to business measures and mechanical and tech nical problems. This sort of journalism has reached its highest development in America, and has done a large share toward bringing together the active men in each industry and helping them to work on harmonious lines. College journalism was long looked upon as amateurish, and merely illustrative of boyish effort and imitation; but it is now apparent that it has found a deeper and fuller meaning. In the colleges are developed most of the men who are to be the leaders of the coming busi ness generation. Their college papers are the trying-out ground, where young college men first test themselves against the world, and be gin to learn something of the conditions of life and society under which each must work out a place for himself, if at all. They afford a much needed expression of the younger minds, and dull is the college professor • who cannot gain lessons from the sprightly scrib blings of his own students. The foreign lan guage press was regarded by most journalists as being a wholly negligible feature in Ameri can journalism until the advent of the war. Then it became apparent that visitors to our shores who clung to their mother tongues were largely influenced in their views by our foreign language papers, and that many of them were quite un-American in tone and utterance. It is well that the eyes of the great public were opened to what is the average character of foreign language papers, because an under standing of their position and influence carries its own remedy for any abuses of the power to influence those on American soil, where Liberty should be maintained as the national watchword and the ideals of the Fathers of the Republic upheld at all costs. The number and importance of these various class papers can be ascertained by reference to the article on NEWSPAPERS, AMERICAN. They are a per manent addition to Journalism, and must be reckoned with in any broad-minded effort to judge of the influence of the press on the peoples of the New World.