JOURNALISM, School of, a college of journalism, endowed by a gift of $2,000,000 by Joseph Pulitzer, editor and proprietor of the New York World, to Columbia University, New York, in 1903. With the advance of civ ilization and general culture and intelligence the demands upon the journalists of the present day are constantly becoming greater and this college is the recognition of the importance and place of journalism as a profession, and a prac tical endeavor to equip those who adopt it, by a course of thorough instruction, for its exact ing and laborious duties. Mr. Pulitzer consid ered the creation and rendering effective of pub lic opinion a task of which the press alone is capable of successfully accomplishing. The College of Journalism is therefore a means to an end—to raise the character and standing of journalism, to increase its power and pres tige, and to attract to the profession men of the highest capacity and the loftiest ideals, who, because of special training, will advance the professional to a higher standard of thought and action. This school was the first institu tion of the kind in the world. It opened 30 Sept. 1912. On 1 Nov. 1916 there were in all 180 students, of whom 36 were women. Stu dents of maturity, experience and marked fit ness are admitted without examination. The
degree of bachelor of literature in journalism was conferred on 24 students in 1916. While there are universities and colleees which give courses in various phases of journalism, no other school is so well endowed, none has a course giving so much time to the solid study needed for the training of the journalist, and the school has also the crowning advantage of a metropolis like New York in which to train its students in reporting by sending them to see and to write upon events as they come in the life of a great city. Attendance on first night perforniances is employed in training for dramatic criticism. This practical training in the work of the journalist comes in the last two years, but of the four years' course four fifths are devoted to the study of history, con stitutional law, political science, economics, statistics, American and European literature, etc.; a mastery of either French or German is insisted on. In 1918 the school will be placed on a full professional standing. Five years will be required for a degree from the high school, the first two in college and the last three in the School of Journalism. See JOURNALISM.