JULIAN (Cesarini), Cardinal, churchman: b. 1398; d. in or after battle of Varna, 10 Nov. 1444. Born of noble family and edu cated at the University of Perugia, he became professor of jurisprudence at Padua. Through the good will of the Pope he was advanced rapidly, finally being made Cardinal Bishop of Frascati. As president of the Council of Basel, he attempted to win over the Hussites, after having first attempted, unsuccessfully to coerce them. He attempted to hold an even way be tween them and Pope Eugenius; but when he found that this was not __possible he became a strong supporter of the Pope. He continued prominent in the negotiations carried on with the Eastern Church until the Pope sent him to stir up a crusade in Hungary against the Turks. Consult Jenkins, 'The Last Crusader> (London 1861) • Pastor, Ludwig, 'History of the Popes' (London 1899).
George Washington, American politician: b. Centerville, Ind., 5 May 1817; d. Irvington, Ind., 7 July 1899. He studied law and was admitted to the bar at the age of 21. In 1845 he was elected to the State legislature, as a Whig, but being a strong opponent of Slavery he severed his party connection with the Whigs and became one of the founders of the Free Soil party in 1848. In 1849 he was
elected to Congress; in 1852 was candidate of the Free Soil party for Vice-President, and in 1856 a delegate to the first national conven tion of the Republican party, where he was vice-president of the convention and chairman of the committee on organization. In 1860 he was again elected to Congress, and served con tinuously for ten years. He was a member of the committees on the conduct of the war, on reconstruction, on the preparation of the articles of impeachment against President Johnson, and on public lands, being chairman of the latter. He opposed any monopoly of the public lands, was an advocate of the homestead system, and strongly favored giving the franchise to the negro. In 1868 he proposed a constitutional amendment providing for woman's suffrage. In 1872 he joined the Liberal Republicans, and after that became a Democrat ; in 1K5-89 was surveyor-general of New Mexico; and after 1889 retired from public life. He published 'Speeches on Political Questions' (1872) ; 'Political Recollections' (1884) ; and 'Life of Joshua R. Giddings' (1892).