JUXON, William, English prelate, arch bishop of Canterbury: b. Chichester, Sussex, 1582; d. London, 4 June 1663. He was edu cated at Oxford, took orders and after hold ing church livings (in 1609 at Oxford, and then in 1614 at Somerton) in 1621 succeeded Laud as president of Saint John's College. In 1627 he was appointed vice-chancellor of the university, and about the same time chaplain in ordinary to Charles I, who gave him the deanery of Worcester, and then the bishopric of London (1633). He attended the king on the scaffold. His fidelity cost him his bishopric, but at the Restoration he was made archbishop of Canterbury.
K the 11th letter in the English and other alphabets of the modern languages of western Europe.
The character is derived, through the Greek from the alphabet of the early Phoenicians, where its form is that of K reversed, st . The k represents the sound pro duced when the back of the tongue is brought into contact with the palate and the breath expelled. The sound-value of k is the same in all languages; but k is not employed in the modern Latin languages save in spelling for eign words or names. Nor does it occur in Latin save as an abbreviation (K or Kal.) for Kalendr, K for the name Cmso, or for Car thago, etc.
In English the c of the Latin orthography of words from the Greek is always retained, even when it represents the sound of k, for example, sceptic, pronounced skeptic; and we are begin ning to pronounce ceramic, keramic. We even
substitute c for k in Greek words and names, though in reading Greek we give to the k al ways its hard guttural sound; hence for us Alkibiades is (in sound) alsibiades, and even Kim on is sigmas.
The k in Greek names suffers a similar change in the modern Latin languages; but in German speech the true k sound and spelling in such names is retained: Ankyra, not ansyra; Korkyra, not corsyra; Kephalos, not sephalos.
In Anglo-Saxon and in Gaelic the k is always represented by c.
The guttural sound of k seems to have stood unchanged in ancient Greek and Latin, whether represented by that letter or by c; but in the modern languages derived from the Latin the k sound underwent great changes, becoming a sibilant equal to s, as for CQsar, or being "palatized" into the sound tsh, for ex ample, Gr. kyriake, Ger. kirche, Scotch kirk, Eng. church; to produce this change the middle of the tongue, Instead of the back of it, is brought into contact with the palate; in French pronunciation the k-sound of c in Latin words, as camera, carbo, carnalis, is changed to sh, and the words are written chambre, charbon, charnel.