KAUFMANN, Carl Maria, German arch aeologist: b. Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany, 2 March 1872. He was educated at Berlin and the University of Fribourg, Switzerland, and subsequently studied archaeology at Rome. In 1899 he was ordained to the Catholic priest hood. From 1905 to 1906 as member of the Frankfort Expedition he was engaged in archaeological explorations in the Libyan Desert. He discovered, in company with Ewald Falls, the old Christian city in Menas, a cele brated place of pilgrimage n early Christian days. He is the author of 'Die Jenseitshoffi ungen der Griechen und Romer nach den Sepulkralinschrifte& (1897) ; Legende der Aberkiosstele im Lichte urchristlicher Eschatol ogie' (1897) ; 'Der Letzte Flavier' (a novel, 1897) ; Was Dolnunent der Lady' (a novel, 1899, 1909); 'Die sepulkralen Jerseitsdenk miler der Antike und des Urchristentums' (1900); 'Die Wunder der Kirche der Kata komben und Martyrer> (a novel, 1900); 'Sant Elia, Erinnerungen an eine archaologische Streife in (1901) ; (Das Kaisergrab in den Vatikanischen (1901) ; Grotten des Vatikan> (1902) ; (Ein altchrist liches Pompeji in der Libyschen Wiiste) (1902) ; (Handbuch der christlichen Archwolo gie) (1905) ; (Die Ausgrabung der Minas heiligtiimer in der MareotiswiistO (3 vols.,
1906-08) ; (Manuale di archeologia cristiana' (1908) ; (La &convene des sanctuaires de Menas dans le desert de Mareotis' (1908) ;'Der Menastempel und die Heiligtiimer von Karm Abu Mina in der agyptischen Mariiitwiiste' (1909) ; (Zur Ikonographie der Menasampul len' (1910) ; 'Die Menasstadt und das National heiligtum der altchristlichen 1Egypter' (Vol. 1, 1910), and contributions to periodicals. His fiction appears under the nom-de-plume of Marchese di San Callisto.