KAWAMURA, Kageaki, VISCOUNT, Japanese soldier: b. Satsuma, 1850. Entering military life early he took part in the close of the Chino-Japanese War so success fully that he was made a baron. He also fought through the Russo-Japanese War, in creasing his reputation as a successful soldier. He commanded the right of the Japanese forces at the battle of Mukden, to the winning of which he materially contributed. As a result of this and other services of a public nature he was raised to the rank of viscount and.ap pointed special inspector-general of the Japan ese army and chief military councillor, while at the same time he was commander of the gar rison at Tokio, the most important military post in Japan. Thus his influence on the de velopment of the military program of the Jap anese government has been very strong and f a r-reaching.
KAY, John, English inventor: b. Walmers ley, Lancashire, England, 16 July 1704; d. France, after 1764. In 1733 he invented the fly-shuttle, for which a patent was granted him, and in 1745 a power loom for the weaving of narrow goods, a patent for which was also granted. These inventions, however, so greatly aroused the anger of the working classes, who feared that the machines would entirely super sede hand labor, that they stole Kay's machines, wrecked his home and obliged him to flee to France, where he died in poverty.
KAY, John, Scotch painter, etcher and caricaturist: b. Dalkeith, 1742; d. 1826. He was a barber and worked at his trade until he was over 40 years of age; giving, however, all his spare time to painting miniatures, making etchings and drawing caricatures of the noted people and curious personages of Edinburgh who most attracted his attention. He showed decided talent in all three lines of endeavor and he gradually attracted attention by his work, especially his sketches which he disposed of to customers in the barber-shop. Finally in
1785, encouraged by the patrons of the shop and the friends his talent had made for him, he opened a shop for the production of etchings, caricatures and miniatures. He did a good business and became himself one of the noted characters of the city. His work, especially his portraits, appeared at the various art exhibits of Edinburgh from 1811 to 1822 and probably later. Consult Paton, Hugh,
SIR James Phillips, English educator: b. Rochdale, Lan cashire, 1804; d. 1877. He began life as a bank clerk, studied medicine and finally interesting himself in education and the exercise of the medical profession, he worked numerous re forms in English educational methods and be came ultimately the founder of the English na tional system of elementary education. He was a pronounced free-trader and he gave much at tention to the subject of public sanitary re forms in the city of Manchester, where he re sided. As assistant poor law commissioner, an office he received in 1835, he paid much atten tion to education, establishing a normal school at Battersea (1839) where he worked out his own ideas, for the most part, at his own ex pense. These experiments and his reports of them formed a basis upon which the subse quently organized English system of primary public education was based. Among his works on education are 'Four Periods of Public Edu cation' (1862); and numerous reports. He also published two novels, 'Scarsdale' (1860) ; and (1874).