KEWEENAWAN SERIES, a great series of rocks, believed to be of Pre Cambrian age, typically developed on Keweenaw Point, Mich., but found over a large area in Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. Rocks of the same age occur also in Canada, and pos sibly in the Adirondack Mountains in New York. They constitute the upper series of the Alrnkian system. The series on Keweenaw Point and southward has a maximum thickness of perhaps 50,000 feet; the lovjer part consists mostly of thick sheets of lava and intrusive rocks with some sandstone and conglomerate; the upper part is a mass of sedimentary rocks. In the series occur the famous Lake Superior copper deposits. See GEOLOGY.
KEY, Snt Astley Cooper, British admiral: b. London, 1821; d. 1888. After varied service in the British navy, in South American waters, the Baltic and China, he became director of naval ordnance in 1866, and 12 years later presi dent of the Royal Naval College at Greenwich, which he had organized. The following year he was knighted and raised to the rank of vice admiral and to full admiral in 1878 after hav ing been commander-in-chief on the North American and West Indian stations. He had been steadily working to increase the efficiency of the British navy which owes very much to his well-directed and sustained efforts. In 1882 in recognition of his services he was made senior naval lord of the Admiralty.
27 Jan. 1824; d. Chattanooga, Tenn., 3 Feb. 1900. After studying law he was admitted to the bar in 1849, and in 1853 took up his resi dence in Tennessee, establishing a successful law practice at Chattanooga. After vainly at tempting to prevent the secession of Tennessee, when once that step was taken he joined the Confederate army and served through the war, j but at its close joined the Republican party, succeeded Andrew Johnson in the United States Senate (1875); in 1877 was made postmaster general district and in 1880 was appointed United States district judge for the Eastern and Middle Districts of Tennessee, a position he held till 1894.
KEY, ki, Ellen (Karolina Sofia), Swedish social writer: b. Sundsholm, 1849; of a family well connected and of a line of semi-noble an cestors. At the age of 20 she became secretary
to her father who was then a prominent mem ber of the Riksdag. About this time she be came noted as a contributor to the magazines and periodicals of •her native country, dealing with literary, historical and later sociological subjects. She was forced to teach in a pri vate school when her father lost his fortune but this did not prevent her lecturing and continuing her magazine and newspaper writ ing which was yearly increasing her reputation. The sale of writings soon permitted her to give up teaching and to travel and lecture in foreign countries. She was a very advanced thinker and so she became a storm centre be tween 1890 and 1910. Bitterly assailed by her opponents she was admired and supported and read by every one, with the result that her books have been translated into most of the languages of Europe. Among her publications, all of which have appeared in English, are the following: 'The Century of the Child' (1909) 'Love and Ethics' (1911) ; 'Rahel Varnhagen' (1913) ; 'The Renaissance of Motherhood' (1914) • 'The Younger Generation' (1914) ; 'The Misuse of Worflan's Power' ; 'Woman's Psychology and Woman's Logic' •, 'Life Lines.' Consult for her life and ideals her own work cited above, 'Italie! Varnhagen,' and Hamilton, L. N., 'Ellen Key: Her Life and her Work' (New York 1913).
KEY, Francis Scott, American lawyer and song writer: b. Frederick County, Md., 9 Aug. '1780; d. Baltimore, 11 Jan. 1843. He was edu cated at Saint John's College, Annapolis, and commenced to practise law in Frederick City. Subsequently he removed to Washington, where he was for many years district attorney of the District of Columbia. As a song writer he is chiefly known by his 'Star-Spangled Banner,' a popular national lyric, suggested and partially written while the author was detained in the British fleet during the bombardment of Fort McHenry, near Baltimore, of which he was an anxious and interested witness. A posthumous collection of his miscellaneous poems was pub lished in 1856. Consult Key-Smith, F. S , 'Francis S. Key' (Washington 1911). See STAR-SPANGLED BANNER.