KHVOSHTSCHINSKAYA, Id-a, Nadezha Dmitrievna, a Russian writer: b. Ryazan, 1825; d. 1889. She began writing under the pseudonym of V. Krestovski, a desig nation which she long continued to use. She was one of the most notable of the Russian realists of the middle of the 19th century, and her power of vivid description and intimate knowledge of Russian life gained her great popularity with her countrymen, especially with those belonging to the middle classes. The Russian country life she knew intimately and depicted with a vividness never before shown by any native woman writer of Russia. Through the Annals of the Fatherland she appealed to a very large audience for many years, so that at last she became an institution of that pub lication, which takes, in Russia, the place occu pied in the United States and Great Britain by the monthly magazine. Many of her most im
portant works first appeared in this magazine, more especially those depicting rustic life and characters. Many of her stories have been translated into Russian and several of them into most of the languages of Europe. Some have been retranslated from German or French into English. Among her most important published works are 'The Great 'In Trust of Better Things,' 'From the Immediate Past.' Numerous editions of her works have been published in Russia, the first appearing in Saint Petersburg in 1883. A fairly complete edition also appeared in Italian shortly before her death, and from this some of the French trans lations were made. See any good history of Russian literature; also Koltonovskaya 'Fem inine Silhouettes' (Saint Petersburg 1912).