KIELLAND, kyerland, Alexander Lange, Norwegian novelist and dramatist: b. Stavan ger, 1849; d. 1906. He came of a family occupy ing a high social position, and he received an excellent education which he completed at the University of Christiania where he was gradu ated in law. On leaving school he drifted into business instead of following his profession and became the successful manager of a large brick and tile concern. He continued his study of French literature and his reading was wide and varied. In imitation of Daudet, whom he greatly admired, he published 'Novelettes> (1879). which he followed with 'New Novel ettes' (1880) ; 'Garman and Worse' (1880) ; 'Laboring People' (1881). These were fol lowed by other novels in which he appears to be working under varying interests and influ ences, for the most part French, among them 'Skipper Worse> (1882) ; 'Poison' (1883) 'Fortune' (1884) • 'Snow> (1886) ; 'Saint Hans' Festival' (1887) ; 'Jacob> (1891) ; 'Pro fessor Loodhal' (1904). Among his dramatic
works, which are all comedies, are 'Homeward Bound' (1878) ; 'Three Pairs> (1886) • 'Betty's Guardian' ; 'Professors' (1888). Kiel land has dealt with many social questions and problems in his various published works, which are, from this point of view, of considerable interest and importance in the history of the literature of Norway. He attacks conventional religion and the corruptions of the masses and the classes alike; and he has laid a ruthless hand upon many of the smug customs and foi bles of the age. Naturally, owing to his manner of working and his didactic aims, his novels are better than his plays.