KIPLING, Rudyttird, 'English novelist and poet: b. Bombay, India, 30 Dec. 1865. His father, John Lockwood Kipling, known as the author of 'Beast and Man in India,' was at that time a professor of sculpture in the school of art at Bombay. The novelist's mother, Alice Macdonald, a woman of beauty and tal ent, was a daughter of a Methodist preacher at Endon, in Staffordshire. The boy was named, it is said, from Rudyard Lake in Staffordshire, where his parents first met. Taught to read by his mother, he was taken to England, at the age of five, and placed, with a younger sister, in the care of a relative at Southsea, a suburb of Portsmouth, where he remained for seven years, subject, it has been inferred from the opening chapter of 'The Light That Failed,' to narrow and irksome discipline. In 1878, he was sent to the United Service College of Westward Ho, near Bideford, in Devonshire. It was a school managed by civil and military officers for young men who intended to enter the Indian service. The rough life passed there is described in 'Stalky and Co.) (1899), wherein Kipling, who edited 'or two years the College Chronicle, figures as Beetle, the clever versemaker. In 1882 Kipling went out to In dia and obtained, by the aid of his father, a position on the editorial staff of the Lahore Civil and Military Gazette. After five years of this, he became assistant editor of the Pioneer at Allahabad, a position which he held until 1889. While on these papers he gained his wide and intimate knowledge of Indian life and affairs at first hand. The newspaper office of his time, he has said, attracted *every con ceivable sort of person" from respectable army officers and missionaries down to inventors of and aevery dissolute ruffian that ever tramped the Grand Trunk Aut of these motley people, what they told him, and what he saw and divined of them, he-built up his tales. By 1886, when ap peared 'Departmental Ditties and Other Verses> in a buff paper wrapper, he was i known to a large circle f readers in India by short-stories, local verse satires and parodies, which he was contributin to his own and other newspapers. Then came 1888, the annul mira bilis. In that year K1, ling published seven
volumes of stories. '1 ain Tales from the 'Soldiers `Three' ; 'The Story of the Gadsbys'; 'In Black and White' ; 'Under the Deodars'; 'The Phantom Rickshaw and Other Tales' • and 'Wee Willie Winkie and Other Child Stories.' In 1889, he made a tour of the world, with his stories and manuscripts, hop ing especially to find a publisher in the United States. In this aim he was immediately disap pointed. His severe strictures on America., contributed to the Pioneer, were afterward published in New York, and are now included in his works as a part of 'From Sea to Sea.' After a bars; struggle, recognition in the western world came to him in 1890, while he was staying in London. To this and the next year belong 'The Courting of Dinah Shadd and Other Stories' • 'The City of Dreadful Night and Other Sketches' ; cap); and 'The Light that Failed.' While in London, Kipling met Mr. Wolcott Balestier, an American author, with whom he collaborated on 'The Naulahka.> In 1892, he married his friend's sister, Caroline Starr Balestier, and settled near the Balestier estate at Brattle boro, Vt., eventually building on the hillside a long, low bungalow, called the Naulahka. There he wrote many of his best poems and stories. For verse may be cited some of the 'Barrack-Room Ballads' (1892) and 'The Seven Seas> (1896); and for fiction, 'Many Inventions' (1893); 'The Jungle Books' (1894 95), and 'Captains Courageous' (1897). Leav ing Vermont in 1896, Kipling went out to South Africa in 1898, and paid a brief visit to New York in 1899, where he barely escaped death from pneumonia. He had already made his home in a little English village near Brigh ton, in Sussex. To this later period belong 'The Day's Work' (1898); 'From Sea to Sea' (1899); 'Kim' (1901) ; Stories' (1902); 'The Five Nations' (1903), a volume of verse; 'Traffics and Discoveries' (1904), and 'Puck of Pook's HilP (1906); 'Actions and Reactions' (1909) ; 'Rewards and Fairies' (1910) ; 'A History of England,' with R. C. L. Fletcher (1911) ; 'Songs from Books' (1913); 'The Harbour Watch' (1913).