KUYPER, koi'per, Abraham, of the Netherlands, exponent of Calvinism, es pecially in its relation to art, literature and democracy: b. 29 Oct. 1837, at Maasluis. He was educated in Leyden, where he received the degree of doctor of theology. He held pastorates at Beesd, Utrecht and Amsterdam (1867-74). He was the chief founder of the Free University of Amsterdam (1880), now aided by the state, and has been for over 30 years leader of the Anti-Revolutionary party and editor-in-chief of De Stanglaated (the Standard). Among Dutch folks all over the world, especially in the Western States, he is reckoned not only a theologician, philosopher and statesman of great ability, but as standing in the front rank of writers of pure and forcible Dutch. He has tens of thousands of admirers in America, who read his writings, which in clude incisive editorials, an (Encyclopaedia of Theology) and various essays of general liter ary interest, such as (Calvinism and Art' (1893) ;. (Pantheism' (1893), and The Origin and Safeguard of our Constitutional Liberties) (1895). He was Premier of the kingdom during the Boer War. In 1891 he visited the United States and delivered the Stone lectures at Princeton. Rev. J. Hendrick de Vries has translated into English some of Dr. Kuyper's best books and essays. His
daughter Henriette, noted as an authoress, wrote (in Dutch), Months in the Homes of Eastern America); (Vacations in England); 'A Visit to Russia,' and Hudson, in Dutch Service' (1909) and has written her ex periences as a nurse during the World War of 1914-18.
KVItALA,
Bohemian dassical scholar and politician; b. Munchen gratz, 6 May 1834; d. 1908. He studied in Prague and Bonn and became (1867) adjunct psofessor of classical philology at the Prague University. He wrote (Beitrage zur Kritik and Erldarung des Sophokles) (Vienna 1864 69) • (Vergilstudien) (Prague 1878) ; (Studien zu Euripides' (Vienna 1879) ;