MACASSAR OIL, the trade name for an unguent that made its appearance in England early in the 19th century, manufactured by one Rowland. It its name from the district of Macassar, where it was first produced, be ing pressed from the fruit, or seed, of the Schleicher( trijuga, the East Indian kusum tree. This fixed vegetable oil is used by the natives for cooking, illuminating and for me dicinal purposes. The name is now given to a pomade made of almond, olive or peanut oil, to which other substances are added to give color and perfume. The original Macassar oil became so well known that Byron spoke of it as incomparable oil, Macassar," and Lewis Carroll alludes to it in the Song of the Man sitting on the Gate in 'Alice Through the Looking-glass.) So general was its use that in England a covering was specially made to throw over the back of a chair or sofa as a protection from the grease in the hair; and to these cov erings the name Anti-gnacassar was given. Antimacassars were at first made of white cotton in crochet-work. They were stiff, hard and uncomfortable i'but.iii the third quarter of the 19th century they were and were more 'artistically worked in colored wools or crewels, or colored silks in pretty patterns. The
Lady's Newspaper (1852) describes antimacas sar materials as cotton," °pink and drab crochet twine," etc. All the Year Round (1879) antimacassar on the arm chair"; and Miss Braddon's "Vixen> (1879) ((To sit alone by the fireside and work anti-macassars in crewel" shows that the word was still fa miliar in England to a comparatively recent period. In the United States the word "tidy" was used to describe the article.
Catharine Saw bridge, English historian: b. Wye, Kent, 2 April 1731; d. Binfield, Berkshire, 22 June 1791. In 1760 she was martied to George Macaulay, a London physician. ' She was an ardent Re publican and a great admirer of Washington, with whom she corresponded, and whom she visited in 1785. She published a 'History of England from the Accession of James I to the Revolution' (8 vols., 1763-71), once very popu lar and eulogized by Pitt in the House of Com mons, but now neglected.