MACAULAY, Trevelyan's Life of The authoritative biography of Thomas Ilabingtort Macaulay is the 'Life and Lethal:515.W; Sir George Otto Trevelyan.. It is always to remain the chief source of information on act" count of the opportunity open to the biographer of knowing the subject thoroughly and of hav ing free access to all available material.. The writer is a nephew of Lord Macaulay, the son of Hannah More Macaulay, one of the bistro rian's favorite sisters; from his earliest boyhood he knew his uncle intimately, and was 211 years old when Macaulay died in Decent, ber 1859. Lady Trevelyan bequeathed to her son the task of writing his uncles biography, a task that occupied many years, the completed work appearing in 1876.
The excellence of the work was recognized from the first. John Morley and William Ewart Gladstone approved it at once in exten sive reviews, and succeeding have de tracted not at all from their judgments. Mr, Morley commended *the skill and candor with which Mr. Trevelyan has executed a very deli cate and difficult task.° Excellent and alma dant materials and extensive knowledge do not necessarily ensure the production of a great biography. Nor do intimacy and strong affec, Lion; close relationship, indeekis frequently the snare that prevents success. It is a tribute to Trevelyan's genius that he was not blinded by relationship or affection, nor overcome by the excess of material with which he had to deal. The biography exhibits careful selection, If now and then the loyal nephew is unable to see anything but good in the famous uncle, he nevertheless does not represent him as faultless; he admits that Macaulay had both limitations and prejudices. Trevelyan does not intrude himself unduly upon the narrative: he keeps our attention at all times chiefly upon Macaulay. Gladstone said that one of the greatest merits of Trevelyan's work is the fact that it has movement — life. And Gladstone was night. The biography is no lifeless transcript of facts; it is a characterization and an interpretation, possessing all the qualities of the best artistic work —__proper perspective, proportion, grada tion. The style is attractive and contributes much to the delight of reading.
Trevelyan adopted the method employed and established by Boswell, that of allowing the subject to tell, • as far as possible,* fiis own story. The 'Life of Macaulay' is sometimes, to be sure, mentioned along with the 'Life of John son,' and there is no doubt that it has taken its place as one of the greatest English biographies. It is true, however, that with all of the advaro tages open to Trevelyan, he yet falls short of the success attained by Boswell. The 'Macau lay' contains no such record of conversation, no such variety of *exquisite personal touches,* no such dramatic quality as the Neither does it so freely portray faults and foi bles. Falling somewhat short of the 'Life of
Johnson) in sheer artistry, it surpasses Lock hart's 'Life of Scott' in movement and conceit tration. Morley was giving high yet just praise when he expressed the belief that this 'Life of Macaulay" would be read throughout the world with a curiosity and an interest only to be sur passed by the success of Lord Macaulay's own writings. Consult the review of the 'Life' by John Morley (in the Edinburgh Review, Vol. 143) ; and that by Gladstone (in the Quarterly Review, Vol. 142). WALDO H. DUNN.
McAULEY, Catherine, Irish founder and first superior of the Sisters of Mercy: b. Stor mont House, County Dublin, Ireland, 29 Sept. 1787; d. Dublin, 11 Nov. 1841. In childhood she was adopted by a wealthy Protestant family who allowed her to remain in the church of her father, the Roman Catholic, and left her a large fortune which she wished to use for the benefit of the poor. She first erected a commodious house wherein might be taught a number of poor children, and where homeless young women might find lodging and board. This in stitution was opened in Dublin, 24 Sept. 1827, but the religious order was not established until 12 Dec. 1831. The members of the order take the vows of poverty, chastity and obedience; and the works which they perform are visiting the poor, sick and imprisoned, teaching, estab lishing hospitals, orphanages, homes for the friendless and other works of mercy. There are houses of her order in nearly all parts of the world. In the United States it comprises over 4,700 members. The order includes a col lege for young women, at Mount Washington, Md., a large number of academies, high and ele mentary schools and hospitals and orgthanges. in nearly every State in the Union. Consult Hart nett, 'Memoir of Mother McAuley' • Murphy, 'Sketches of Irish Nunneries); Member of Order of Mercy, 'Life of Catherine McAuley.) See MERCY, SISTERS OF.
McAULEY, gJerry,b New York City missionary: b. Ireland, in 1839; d. New York City, 18 Sept. 1884. He came to New York in 1852 and became a thief and prize fighter. In 1857 he was sent to Sing Sing prison on a false charge of highway robbery, but was pardoned in 1864. He returned to his evil life. In 1872, having reformed, he opened a mission, "The Helping Hand,'" in Water street, a criminal neighborhood in New York. In 1882 he opened another mission, "The Jerry McAuley Cremorne Mission)" and in 1883 began the publication of Jerry McAuley's Newspaper. He appealed with the greatest success to out casts considered beyond redemption. After his death the work was continued by Samuel H. Hadley and John H. Wyhurn. In 1912 a mod ern sanitary building was erected on the site of the first mission in Water street. Consult 'Jerry McAuley: his Life and Work,' auto biography edited by the Rev. Robert M. Offord (New York 1885).