McCLOSKEY, ma-kl'Os'kT, John, American Roman Catholic prelate: b. Brooklyn, N. Y., 20 March 1810; d. New York, 10 Oct. 1885. His secondary and collegiate studies were made at Mount Saint Mary's College, Emmitsburg, Md.. and his post-graduate studies in France and Rome. At 24 he was ordained priest and on returning to America was assigned to Saint Jo seph's Church, New York City. When Saint John's College, at Fordham (now a part of New York City), was opened in 1841, he was made its first president, but in the next year he returned to parish work. In 1844 he was ap pointed coadjutor to Bishop Hughes of the dio cese of New York, and consecrated titular bishop of Axiere; and three years later was appointed bishop of Albany, a diocese just cre ated from a part of the diocese of New York. For 17 years he worked for the upbuilding of the Albany diocese and the good of his people. He built the cathedral of the Immaculate Con ception at Albany, Saint Joseph's Theological Seminary at Troy, established several new par ishes and founded educational and charitable in stitutions, including hospitals, orphanages, homes for the aged and reformatories. He suc ceeded Archbishop Hughes in the archiepiscopal see of New York, 6 May 1864. The result of his labors in the archdiocese of New York remains his greatest monument. He was made a cardinal in 1875, under the title of Santa Maria supra Minervam. He was in attendance at the Vatican Council (q.v.) and a member of the committee on discipline. He was sum moned to Rome February 1878 to attend the conclave for the election of a Pope but was too late to cast a vote, Leo XIII having been elected a few hours before his arrival. Cardi nal McCloskey was noted for his gentleness, firmness, profound scholarship and great execu tive ability. Consult The Life of John Cardi nal McCloskey, First Prince of the Church in America: 1810-85.> McCLOSKEY, William George, American Roman Catholic prelate: b. Brooklyn, N. Y., 10 Nov. 1823; d. 17 Sept. 1909. Upon com pleting his studies at Mount Saint Mary's Col lege, Emmitsburg, Md., he turned to the law, but subsequently entered Saint Mary's Theo logical Seminary, where he pursued a six years' course in philosophy and theology, being or dained priest 6 Oct. 1852. His first appointment was as assistant in the church of the Nativity. In 1853 he was named professor of Latin and Sacred Scriptures in Mount Saint Mary's College and in 1857 became director of the theological seminary. When the American College was formally opened in Rome Pope Pius IX chose Dr. McCloskey its first president, 8 Dec. 1859, a position which, for eight years, he filled to the utmost satisfaction. In 1865 he visited America in the interests of the institution un der his charge and succeeded in collecting funds sufficient for its permanent endowment. Upon the death of Bishop Lavialle, Pope Pius IX appointed Dr. McCloskey to the see of Louis ville, Ky., and he was consecrated at Rome 24 May 1868. During his 36 years' administration numerous churches, schools and religious insti tutions were built throughout his diocese.
McCLUNG, Clarence Erwin, American zoologist: b. Clayton, Cal., 5 April 1870. He was graduated at the University of Kansas in 1892 and later studied at Columbia and at the University of Chicago. He was a member of the faculty of the School of Medi cine at the University of Kansas in 1897-13 and since then has been professor of zoology and director of the zoological laboratory at the Uni versity of Pennsylvania. He was a member of the embryological staff at Wood's Hole, Mass.,
in 1893, and headed scientific expeditions to Oregon, Washington and western Kansas. He is author of articles on heredity and cretaceous fish of Kansas; and is associate editor of the Journal of Morphology.
McCLURE, ma'kloor', Alexander Kelly, American journalist : b. Sherman's Valley, Perry County, Pa., 9 Jan. 1828; d. 1909. He was reared on a farm, educated at home and apprenticed to a tanner in 1842, soon after be gan to write for the Perry Freeman and edited and published the Juniata Sentinel at Mifflin, Pa., in the Whig interest, 1846-50. He then published (1850-56) the Chambersburg Reposi tory, which he made influential in the cause of anti-slavery. He was State superintendent of printing in 1855; a member of the State con vention of 1855 which met at Pittsburgh to or ganize the Republican party; in 1856 was ad mitted to the bar and was a delegate to the first Republican National Convention in Philadel phia. In 1857-58 he sat in the legislature as a Republican and was State senator in 1859. As leader of the Pennsylvania delegation in the Republican National Convention of 1860 he aided in the nomination of Abraham Lincoln. In 1862-64 he again published the Chambersburg Repository, and in the latter year served as as sistant adjutant-general in charge of the draft in Pennsylvania. Two years later he was again a member of the legislature, and in 1868-73 practised law in Philadelphia. He was chairman of the State delegation to the Liberal Republican Convention in 1872, and of the Lib eral Republican State Committee, and in that year entered the State senate. In a close elec tion in 1873 he was defeated as an independent candidate for mayor of Philadelphia. In 1875 he established the Philadelphia Times, of which he was editor-in-chief till 1901. He published 'Three Thousand Miles Through the Rocky Mountains' ; 'Our Presidents and How We Make Them' (1901) ; 'Recollections of Half a Century' (1902); 'Old Time Notes of Penn sylvania' (2 vols., 1906), etc.
McCLURE, James Gore King, American Presbyterian clergyman: b. Albany, N. Y., 24 Nov. 1848. He was graduated at Yale in 1870, at the Princeton Theological Seminary in 1873 and ordained as a Presbyterian minister in 1874. He was settled (1874-79) at New Scot land, N. Y., and at Lake Forest, III., 1881-1905. From 1897 to 1901 he was president of Lake Forest University. Since 1905 he has been president of McCormick Theological Semi nary, Chicago. He has written 'Possibilities' (1896) ; 'The Man Who Wanted to Help' (1897) ; 'The Great Appeal' (1898) ; 'Environ ment' (1899) ; 'For Hearts that Hope' (1900); 'A Mighty Means of Usefulness' (1901) ; 'Living for the Best' (1903) ; 'The Growing Pastor' (1904); 'Loyalty, the Soul of Reli gion' (1905); 'Supreme Things) (1907), etc.
McCLURE, SIR Robert John Le Mesu rier, English vice-admiral: b. Wexford, Ire land, 28 Jan. 1807; d. London, 17 Oct. 1873. He began his naval career in 1824, and in 1836 un der Sir John Ross made his first voyage to the Arctic regions. Again he joined an expedition sent to discover the Northwest Passage in 1848, that of Sir James Clark Ross. Two years later he was placed in command of a Franklin search expedition, discovered Prince of Wales Strait which connects the Atlantic and Pacific and thus accomplished one object of the expedition, the discovery of the Northwest Passage. He was forced, however, to abandon his ship, and com pleted the Northwest Passage by land. On his return lie was knighted. From his journals was published 'The Discovery of the Northwest Passage' (by Capt. Sherard Osborne, 1856).