MACDONALD, Etienne Jacques Joseph Alexandre, zhak zhO-ref al-eks-andr mak do-nal, Duc DE TARENTE, French soldier: b..Sancerre, France, 17 Nov. 1765; d. Courcelles, France, 24 Sept. 1840. He served in the French Revolution as colonel, brigadier-general and general, and in 1798 was made governor of the Roman states, and of Naples in 1799. In 1805 he lost the favor of Napoleon, but four years later was given command of the right wing of the army in Italy, and was made a mar shal for his services at Wagram 6 July. 1809. He served in Spain and in the Russian cam paign, assisted in covering the retreat from Leipzig, advised Napoleon's abdication, was made a peer by the Bourbons and during the Hundred Days supported them.
MacDONALD, Flora, Scottish heroine: b. Milton, island of South Uist, Hebrides, 1720; d. there, 4 March 1790. She was brought up by the chief of her clan, MacDonald of Clan ranald, her father having died in her early childhood, and was partly educated in Edin burgh. After the battle of Culloden, in 1746, her assistance was sought in securing the escape of Prince Charles Edward who had taken ref uge at Benbecula where Flora MacDonald was then living. The Prince was disguised as a
woman servant and the party succeeded in reaching Skye in safety. Flora's assistance to the Prince became known, however, and she was imprisoned in the Tower of London, but was soon afterward permitted to live outside the prison, although under charge of a gaoler. The Indemnity Act of 1747 secured her com plete liberty. She was married to Allan Mac Donald In 1750, and in 1774 they emigrated to America, settling in Fayetteville, N. C. Her husband served in the British army in the Revo lutionary War and was taken prisoner. Flora returned alone to Scotland and was later rejoined by her husband. She was a woman of great beauty and charm of manner, Dr. John son, among others, being warm in her praises. Five of her sons served in the British army or navy. Consult (Life and Times of Prince Charles Edward' (1886) ; Yonge, C. D., (Seven Heroines of Christendom) (1879); Macgregor, (Flora MacDonald and Her Adventures with Prince Charles) (1882).